Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19805229›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009

DISC1 splice variants are upregulated in schizophrenia and associated with risk polymorphisms.

Kenji Nakata, Barbara K Lipska, Thomas M Hyde, Tianzhang Ye, Erin N Newburn, Yukitaka Morita, Radhakrishna Vakkalanka, Maxim Barenboim, Yoshitatsu Sei, Daniel R Weinberger and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
102citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

102 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. A practical guide to sequencing in neuropsychiatric research.NPP - digital psychiatry and neuroscience · 2025
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Non-coding RNA research · 2024
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Mutations in DISC1 alter IPNeuronal signaling · 2021
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kenji NakataClinical Brain Disorders Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1385, USA.
Barbara K Lipska
Thomas M Hyde
Tianzhang Ye
Erin N Newburn
Yukitaka Morita
Radhakrishna Vakkalanka
Maxim Barenboim
Yoshitatsu Sei
Daniel R Weinberger
Joel E Kleinman

Funding

Procurement and Characterization of Postmortem Brain TissueZICMH002903 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI MARENCO, STEFANO · 2009 to 2025
$56.0M
Postmortem Brain Tissue Examination in Neuropsychiatric DisordersZIAMH002399 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI AMARA, SUSAN · 2009 to 2014
$11.9M
Intramural NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) is a promising susceptibility gene for major mental illness, but the mechanism of the clinical association is unknown. We searched for DISC1 transcripts in adult and fetal human brain and tested whether their expression is altered in patients with schizophrenia and is associated with genetic variation in DISC1. Many alternatively spliced transcripts were identified, including groups lacking exon 3 (Delta3), exons 7 and 8 (Delta7Delta8), an exon 3 insertion variant (extra short variant-1, Esv1), and intergenic splicing between TSNAX and DISC1. Isoforms Delta7Delta8, Esv1, and Delta3, which encode truncated DISC1 proteins, were expressed more abundantly during fetal development than during postnatal ages, and their expression was higher in the hippocampus of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia risk-associated polymorphisms [non-synonymous SNPs rs821616 (Cys704Ser) and rs6675281 (Leu607Phe), and rs821597] were associated with the expression of Delta3 and Delta7Delta8. Moreover, the same allele at rs6675281, which predicted higher expression of these transcripts in the hippocampus, was associated with higher expression of DISC1Delta7Delta8 in lymphoblasts in an independent sample. Our results implicate a molecular mechanism of genetic risk associated with DISC1 involving specific alterations in gene processing.

Indexed as

Alternative SplicingPolymorphism, Single NucleotideAdultBase SequenceBrainCase-Control StudiesDNA PrimersExonsFemaleFetal DevelopmentFetusHippocampusHumansMaleMiddle AgedNerve Tissue ProteinsDISC1 protein, humanDNA PrimersNerve Tissue ProteinsProtein IsoformsRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID19805229
PMCPMC2736903

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.