ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Photolysis of iron-siderophore chelates promotes bacterial-algal mutualism.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 191 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
191 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 566 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence that dimethyl sulfide facilitates a tritrophic mutualism between marine primary producers and top predators.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Pooled it
- Differences in Siderophore Production During the Growth of Phytoplankton in Southern Ocean Incubation Experiments Under High- and Low-Iron Conditions.Environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Engineered bacterial siderophore production accelerates rock weathering for carbon removal.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- The iron(III) coordinating properties of citrate and α-hydroxycarboxylate containing siderophores.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026Review
- Vitamin BMicrobial ecology · 2026Article
- Starvation of the bacteriumeLife · 2026Article
- Functional determinism amid taxonomic stochasticity: insights into rules governing the assembly of algal-microbial symbioses.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Algicidal Bacteria in Controlling Harmful Algal Blooms: Advances in Bacteria-Algae Interactions.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Review
- Photosynthesis-driven interactions in the phycosphere enhance bacterial extracellular superoxide production.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Article
- TheISME communications · 2026Article
- Reference genome for the benthic marine diatom Psammoneis japonica: Bacterial associations and repeat-driven genome size evolution in diatoms.Journal of phycology · 2025Article
- Cobalt exposure induces the specific associated-bacterial microbiome potentially contributing to cobalt stress alleviation of the host dinoflagellate Scrippsiella acuminata.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Draft genome ofMicrobiology resource announcements · 2025Article
- Exploring the interactions between algae and archaea.Marine life science & technology · 2025Review
- Article
- Defining the ecological strategies of phytoplankton associated bacteria.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A bloom of a single bacterium shapes the microbiome during outdoor diatom cultivation collapse.mSystems · 2025Article
- Moderate levels of dissolved iron stimulate cellular growth and increase lipid storage in Symbiodinium sp.Journal of phycology · 2025Article
- Nanopore Sequencing of Amoebophrya Species Reveals Novel Collection of Bacteria Putatively Associated With Karlodinium veneficum.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
131 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Marine microalgae support world fisheries production and influence climate through various mechanisms. They are also responsible for harmful blooms that adversely impact coastal ecosystems and economies. Optimal growth and survival of many bloom-forming microalgae, including climatically important dinoflagellates and coccolithophores, requires the close association of specific bacterial species, but the reasons for these associations are unknown. Here, we report that several clades of Marinobacter ubiquitously found in close association with dinoflagellates and coccolithophores produce an unusual lower-affinity dicitrate siderophore, vibrioferrin (VF). Fe-VF chelates undergo photolysis at rates that are 10-20 times higher than siderophores produced by free-living marine bacteria, and unlike the latter, the VF photoproduct has no measurable affinity for iron. While both an algal-associated bacterium and a representative dinoflagellate partner, Scrippsiella trochoidea, used iron from Fe-VF chelates in the dark, in situ photolysis of the chelates in the presence of attenuated sunlight increased bacterial iron uptake by 70% and algal uptake by >20-fold. These results suggest that the bacteria promote algal assimilation of iron by facilitating photochemical redox cycling of this critical nutrient. Also, binary culture experiments and genomic evidence suggest that the algal cells release organic molecules that are used by the bacteria for growth. Such mutualistic sharing of iron and fixed carbon has important implications toward our understanding of the close beneficial interactions between marine bacteria and phytoplankton, and the effect of these interactions on algal blooms and climate.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.