ArticlePLoS genetics2009
The limits of individual identification from sample allele frequencies: theory and statistical analysis.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Reconstructing SNP allele and genotype frequencies from GWAS summary statistics.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- A Prospective Analysis of Genetic Variants Associated with Human Lifespan.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Rapid evaluation of phenotypes, SNPs and results through the dbGaP CHARGE Summary Results site.Nature genetics · 2016Pooled it
- Proxy panels enable privacy-aware outsourcing of genotype imputation.Genome research · 2025Article
- Anonymization: The imperfect science of using data while preserving privacy.Science advances · 2024Review
- Assessing Privacy Vulnerabilities in Genetic Data Sets: Scoping Review.JMIR bioinformatics and biotechnology · 2024Article
- NIAGADS Alzheimer's GenomicsDB: A resource for exploring Alzheimer's disease genetic and genomic knowledge.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Privacy-aware estimation of relatedness in admixed populations.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2022Article
- Social and scientific motivations to move beyond groups in allele frequencies: The TOPMed experience.American journal of human genetics · 2022Review
- Leveraging fine-mapping and multipopulation training data to improve cross-population polygenic risk scores.Nature genetics · 2022Article
- Identifying individuals using proteomics: are we there yet?Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Identifying disease-causing mutations with privacy protection.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Genome Reconstruction Attacks Against Genomic Data-Sharing Beacons.Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies. Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium · 2021Article
- Human-Genetic Ancestry Inference and False Positives in Forensic Familial Searching.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Article
- Biomedical Research Cohort Membership Disclosure on Social Media.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2019Article
- Embracing polygenicity: a review of methods and tools for psychiatric genetics research.Psychological medicine · 2018Review
- Biomedical Big Data: New Models of Control Over Access, Use and Governance.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2017Article
- Mechanisms to protect the privacy of families when using the transmission disequilibrium test in genome-wide association studies.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2017Article
- Dissecting the genetics of complex traits using summary association statistics.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2017Review
- Sharing extended summary data from contemporary genetics studies is unlikely to threaten subject privacy.PloS one · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It was shown recently using experimental data that it is possible under certain conditions to determine whether a person with known genotypes at a number of markers was part of a sample from which only allele frequencies are known. Using population genetic and statistical theory, we show that the power of such identification is, approximately, proportional to the number of independent SNPs divided by the size of the sample from which the allele frequencies are available. We quantify the limits of identification and propose likelihood and regression analysis methods for the analysis of data. We show that these methods have similar statistical properties and have more desirable properties, in terms of type-I error rate and statistical power, than test statistics suggested in the literature.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.