ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Long-term immunity to lethal acute or chronic type II Toxoplasma gondii infection is effectively induced in genetically susceptible C57BL/6 mice by immunization with an attenuated type I vaccine strain.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- The live attenuatedResearch square · 2026Article
- Deletion of splicing factor Cdc5 in Toxoplasma disrupts transcriptome integrity, induces abortive bradyzoite formation, and prevents acute infection in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
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- Synergy betweenJournal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- Evaluation of CpG-ODN-AdjuvantedPharmaceutics · 2020Article
- Effect of deletion of gra17 and gra23 genes on the growth, virulence, and immunogenicity of type II Toxoplasma gondii.Parasitology research · 2020Article
- Article
- Key Limitations and New Insights Into theFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- A Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase II (CPSII) Deletion Mutant ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- The IL-12- and IL-23-Dependent NK Cell Response Is Essential for Protective Immunity against SecondaryJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- Immunization With a Live-Attenuated RH:ΔFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Rhoptry and Dense Granule Secreted Effectors Regulate CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Chronic Toxoplasma infection is associated with distinct alterations in the synaptic protein composition.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2018Article
- Mast cell activator compound 48/40 is not an effective adjuvant for UV-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii vaccine.Parasitology research · 2017Article
- Immunity in the spleen and blood of mice immunized with irradiated Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2016Article
- Secretion of Rhoptry and Dense Granule Effector Proteins by Nonreplicating Toxoplasma gondii Uracil Auxotrophs Controls the Development of Antitumor Immunity.PLoS genetics · 2016Article
- Article
- Role of CD4+ Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Protection Induced by a Live Attenuated, Replicating Type I Vaccine Strain of Toxoplasma gondii.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- CD8+ T cell immunity in an encephalitis model of Toxoplasma gondii infection.Seminars in immunopathology · 2015Review
- Nonreplicating, cyst-defective type II Toxoplasma gondii vaccine strains stimulate protective immunity against acute and chronic infection.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
C57BL/6 (B6) mice are genetically highly susceptible to chronic type II Toxoplasma gondii infections that invariably cause lethal toxoplasmic encephalitis. We examined the ability of an attenuated type I vaccine strain to elicit long-term immunity to lethal acute or chronic type II infections in susceptible B6 mice. Mice immunized with the type I cps1-1 vaccine strain were not susceptible to a lethal (100-cyst) challenge with the type II strain ME49. Immunized mice challenged with 10 ME49 cysts exhibited significant reductions in brain cyst and parasite burdens compared to naive mice, regardless of the route of challenge infection. Remarkably, cps1-1 strain-immunized B6 mice chronically infected with ME49 survived for at least 12 months without succumbing to the chronic infection. Potent immunity to type II challenge infections persisted for at least 10 months after vaccination. While the cps1-1 strain-elicited immunity did not prevent the establishment of a chronic infection or clear established brain cysts, cps1-1 strain-elicited CD8(+) immune T cells significantly inhibited recrudescence of brain cysts during chronic ME49 infection. In addition, we show that uracil starvation of the cps1-1 strain induces early markers of bradyzoite differentiation. Collectively, these results suggest that more effective immune control of chronic type II infection in the genetically susceptible B6 background is established by vaccination with the nonreplicating type I uracil auxotroph cps1-1 strain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.