ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated protein A is required for diversion of phagosome biogenesis but not for cytotoxicity.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reassessment of extracellular and intracellular activity of macrolides, rifampicin, and doxycycline againstMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Protective immune response against Rhodococcus equi: An innate immunity-focused review.Equine veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Impact of surface receptors TLR2, CR3, and FcγRIII onInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Comparative bactericidal activity of four macrolides alone and combined with rifampicin or doxycycline againstFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- Why do plasmids manipulate the expression of bacterial phenotypes?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Review
- Identification of genes required for the fitness of Rhodococcus equi during the infection of mice via signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2021Article
- VapA of Rhodococcus equi binds phosphatidic acid.Molecular microbiology · 2018Article
- Identification of a VapA virulence factor functional homolog in Rhodococcus equi isolates housing the pVAPB plasmid.PloS one · 2018Article
- Saxifragifolin D attenuates phagosome maturation arrest in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages via an AMPK and VPS34-dependent pathway.AMB Express · 2017Article
- Rescue of an intracellular avirulent Rhodococcus equi replication defect by the extracellular addition of virulence-associated protein A.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2017Article
- The Rhodococcus equi virulence protein VapA disrupts endolysosome function and stimulates lysosome biogenesis.MicrobiologyOpen · 2017Article
- Induction of Reactive Intermediates and Autophagy-Related Proteins upon Infection of Macrophages withScientifica · 2017Article
- Novel Moraxella catarrhalis prophages display hyperconserved non-structural genes despite their genomic diversity.BMC genomics · 2015Article
- Transcriptome reprogramming by plasmid-encoded transcriptional regulators is required for host niche adaption of a macrophage pathogen.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Adjustment of host cells for accommodation of symbiotic bacteria: vacuole defunctionalization, HOPS suppression, and TIP1g retargeting in Medicago.The Plant cell · 2014Article
- Structure of the virulence-associated protein VapD from the intracellular pathogen Rhodococcus equi.Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography · 2014Article
- Structure of Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated protein B (VapB) reveals an eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel consisting of two Greek-key motifs.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2014Article
- IcgA is a virulence factor of Rhodococcus equi that modulates intracellular growth.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- Study of lysozyme resistance in Rhodococcus equi.Current microbiology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause severe bronchopneumonia in foals and AIDS patients. Virulence is plasmid regulated and is accompanied by phagosome maturation arrest and host cell necrosis. A replacement mutant in the gene for VapA (virulence-associated protein A), a major virulence factor of R. equi, was tested for its activities during macrophage infection. Early in infection, phagosomes containing the vapA mutant did not fuse with lysosomes and did not stain with the acidotropic fluor LysoTracker similar to those containing virulent wild-type R. equi. However, vapA mutant phagosomes had a lower average pH. Late in infection, phagosomes containing the vapA mutant were as frequently positive for LysoTracker as phagosomes containing plasmid-cured, avirulent bacteria, whereas those with virulent wild-type R. equi were still negative for the fluor. Macrophage necrosis after prolonged infection with virulent bacteria was accompanied by a loss of organelle staining with LysoTracker, suggesting that lysosome proton gradients had collapsed. The vapA mutant still killed the macrophages and yet did not affect the pH of host cell lysosomes. Hence, VapA is not required for host cell necrosis but is required for neutralization of phagosomes and lysosomes or their disruption. This is the first report of an R. equi mutant with altered phagosome biogenesis.
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