ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2009
Myocardin-dependent activation of the CArG box-rich smooth muscle gamma-actin gene: preferential utilization of a single CArG element through functional association with the NKX3.1 homeodomain protein.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Actin cytoskeletal dynamics in hepatic myofibroblasts and fibrosis.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Engineering a serum response factor superactivator of smooth muscle gene expression with a condensate-forming domain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Gamma smooth muscle actin as a new potential marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2025Article
- RNA binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) promotes contractile phenotype splicing in human embryonic stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells.Cardiovascular research · 2024Article
- Robust differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into mural progenitor cells via transient activation of NKX3.1.Nature communications · 2024Article
- MYOCD is Required for Cardiomyocyte-like Cells Induction from Human Urine Cells and Fibroblasts Through Remodeling Chromatin.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2022Article
- Mechanosensing dysregulation in the fibroblast: A hallmark of the aging heart.Ageing research reviews · 2020Review
- Transcription Factors Targeted by miRNAs Regulating Smooth Muscle Cell Growth and Intimal Thickening after Vascular Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Atorvastatin suppresses vascular hypersensitivity and remodeling induced by transient adventitial administration of lipopolysaccharide in rats.Annals of translational medicine · 2019Article
- Article
- Vascular smooth muscle cell contractile protein expression is increased through protein kinase G-dependent and -independent pathways by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition and deficiency.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2016Article
- The short and long of noncoding sequences in the control of vascular cell phenotypes.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2015Review
- Recombination signal binding protein for Ig-κJ region regulates juxtaglomerular cell phenotype by activating the myo-endocrine program and suppressing ectopic gene expression.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2015Article
- TonEBP/NFAT5 regulates ACTBL2 expression in biomechanically activated vascular smooth muscle cells.Frontiers in physiology · 2014Article
- Extracellular matrix synthesis in vascular disease: hypertension, and atherosclerosis.Journal of biomedical research · 2014Review
- Androgen-responsive serum response factor target genes regulate prostate cancer cell migration.Carcinogenesis · 2013Article
- The actin-MRTF-SRF gene regulatory axis and myofibroblast differentiation.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2012Review
- DNA microarray analysis reveals differential gene expression in the soleus muscle between male and female rats exposed to a high fat diet.Molecular biology reports · 2012Article
- In search of novel targets for heart disease: myocardin and myocardin-related transcriptional cofactors.Biochemistry research international · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that binds a 10-bp element known as the CArG box, located in the proximal regulatory region of hundreds of target genes. SRF activates target genes in a cell- and context-dependent manner by assembling unique combinations of cofactors over CArG elements. One particularly strong SRF cofactor, myocardin (MYOCD), acts as a component of a molecular switch for smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation by activating cytoskeletal and contractile genes harboring SRF-binding CArG elements. Here we report that the human ACTG2 promoter, containing four conserved CArG elements, displays SMC-specific basal activity and is highly induced in the presence of MYOCD. Stable transfection of a non-SMC cell type with Myocd elicits elevations in endogenous Actg2 mRNA. Gel shift and luciferase assays reveal a strong bias for MYOCD-dependent transactivation through CArG2 of the human ACTG2 promoter. Substitution of CArG2 with other CArGs, including a consensus CArG element, fails to reconstitute full MYOCD-dependent ACTG2 promoter stimulation. Mutation of an adjacent binding site for NKX3.1 reduces MYOCD-dependent transactivation of the ACTG2 promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase pulldown, and luciferase assays show a physical and functional association between MYOCD and NKX3.1; no such functional relationship is evident with the related NKX2.5 transcription factor despite its interaction with MYOCD. These results demonstrate the ability of MYOCD to discriminate among several juxtaposed CArG elements, presumably through its novel partnership with NKX3.1, to optimally transactivate the human ACTG2 promoter.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.