Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19797043›Full record

ArticleGenetics2009

Exact tests for Hardy-Weinberg proportions.

William R Engels

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genetics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Short tandem repeat (STR) variation from 6 cities in Iraq based on 15 loci.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2023
    Article
  6. Observational
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Contrasting Phylogeographic Patterns inFrontiers in plant science · 2021
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

William R EngelsDepartment of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. wrengels@wisc.edu

Funding

TRANSPOSITION AND DNA REPAIR IN DROSOPHILAR01GM030948 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI ENGELS, WILLIAM R. · 1985 to 2011
$5.2M
DNA Repair and Aging in DrosophilaR56GM030948 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI ENGELS, WILLIAM R. · 2007 to 2007
$490k
NIGMS NIH HHS GM30948NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM030948NIGMS NIH HHS R56 GM030948
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exact conditional tests are often required to evaluate statistically whether a sample of diploids comes from a population with Hardy-Weinberg proportions or to confirm the accuracy of genotype assignments. This requirement is especially common when the sample includes multiple alleles and sparse data, thus rendering asymptotic methods, such as the common chi(2)-test, unreliable. Such an exact test can be performed using the likelihood ratio as its test statistic rather than the more commonly used probability test. Conceptual advantages in using the likelihood ratio are discussed. A substantially improved algorithm is described to permit the performance of a full-enumeration exact test on sample sizes that are too large for previous methods. An improved Monte Carlo algorithm is also proposed for samples that preclude full enumeration. These algorithms are about two orders of magnitude faster than those currently in use. Finally, methods are derived to compute the number of possible samples with a given set of allele counts, a useful quantity for evaluating the feasibility of the full enumeration procedure. Software implementing these methods, ExactoHW, is provided.

Indexed as

Models, GeneticAlgorithmsAllelesDiploidyHeterozygoteHomozygoteMonte Carlo MethodProbability

Identifiers

PMID19797043
PMCPMC2787430

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.