ArticleBMC biology2009
Coordinated spatial and temporal expression of Hox genes during embryogenesis in the acoel Convolutriloba longifissura.
Article in BMC biology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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41 citing papers in PubMed.
- ParaHox Genes Revisited: From Gut Patterning to Integrated Axial and Neural Organization in Rotifera.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2026Article
- Patterns of Conservation and Loss of Hox Genes in Xenacoelomorph Lineage Since Divergence From Last Common Bilaterian Ancestor.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Anterior-posterior patterning in the chaetognath Spadella cephaloptera informs bilaterian nervous system and tail evolution.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Hoxb genes determine the timing of cell ingression by regulating cell surface fluctuations during zebrafish gastrulation.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- The Acoel nervous system: morphology and development.Neural development · 2024Review
- Coordinated wound responses in a regenerative animal-algal holobiont.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Seeking Sense in the Hox Gene Cluster.Journal of developmental biology · 2022Review
- Acoel Single-Cell Transcriptomics: Cell Type Analysis of a Deep Branching Bilaterian.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Dorsoventral decoupling of Hox gene expression underpins the diversification of molluscs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Hox gene expression during development of the phoronidEvoDevo · 2020Article
- A small set of conserved genes, including sp5 and Hox, are activated by Wnt signaling in the posterior of planarians and acoels.PLoS genetics · 2019Article
- Clam Genome Sequence Clarifies the Molecular Basis of Its Benthic Adaptation and Extraordinary Shell Color Diversity.iScience · 2019Article
- Article
- Two more Posterior Hox genes and Hox cluster dispersal in echinoderms.BMC evolutionary biology · 2018Article
- Neurogenesis in the sea urchin embryo is initiated uniquely in three domains.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2018Article
- Subcutaneous Maturation of Neural Stem Cell-Loaded Hydrogels Forms Region-Specific Neuroepithelium.Cells · 2018Article
- Xenacoelomorpha Survey Reveals That All 11 Animal Homeobox Gene Classes Were Present in the First Bilaterians.Genome biology and evolution · 2018Article
- Hox and Wnt pattern the primary body axis of an anthozoan cnidarian before gastrulation.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Convergent evolution of bilaterian nerve cords.Nature · 2018Article
- Rotiferan Hox genes give new insights into the evolution of metazoan bodyplans.Nature communications · 2017Article
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Abstract
backgroundHox genes are critical for patterning the bilaterian anterior-posterior axis. The evolution of their clustered genomic arrangement and ancestral function has been debated since their discovery. As acoels appear to represent the sister group to the remaining Bilateria (Nephrozoa), investigating Hox gene expression will provide an insight into the ancestral features of the Hox genes in metazoan evolution.
resultsWe describe the expression of anterior, central and posterior class Hox genes and the ParaHox ortholog Cdx in the acoel Convolutriloba longifissura. Expression of all three Hox genes begins contemporaneously after gastrulation and then resolves into staggered domains along the anterior-posterior axis, suggesting that the spatial coordination of Hox gene expression was present in the bilaterian ancestor. After early surface ectodermal expression, the anterior and central class genes are expressed in small domains of putative neural precursor cells co-expressing ClSoxB1, suggesting an evolutionary early function of Hox genes in patterning parts of the nervous system. In contrast, the expression of the posterior Hox gene is found in all three germ layers in a much broader posterior region of the embryo.
conclusionOur results suggest that the ancestral set of Hox genes was involved in the anterior-posterior patterning of the nervous system of the last common bilaterian ancestor and were later co-opted for patterning in diverse tissues in the bilaterian radiation. The lack of temporal colinearity of Hox expression in acoels may be due to a loss of genomic clustering in this clade or, alternatively, temporal colinearity may have arisen in conjunction with the expansion of the Hox cluster in the Nephrozoa.
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