ArticleDevelopmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists2009
Analysis of gene expression in PTHrP-/- mammary buds supports a role for BMP signaling and MMP2 in the initiation of ductal morphogenesis.
Article in Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and prognostic significance of parathyroid hormone-related protein in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies in women.Endocrine-related cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Loss of BPTF restores estrogen response and suppresses metastasis of mammary tumors.Nature communications · 2025Article
- From Embryogenesis to Senescence: The Role of Mammary Gland Physiology in Breast Cancer Risk.Cancers · 2025Review
- Embryonic Mammary Gland Morphogenesis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Spatiotemporal modulation of growth factors directs the generation of multilineage mouse embryonic stem cell-derived mammary organoids.Developmental cell · 2024Article
- The Mammary Gland: Basic Structure and Molecular Signaling during Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- A Potential Role for MMPs during the Formation of Non-Neurogenic Placodes.Journal of developmental biology · 2018Review
- The balance of cell surface and soluble type III TGF-β receptor regulates BMP signaling in normal and cancerous mammary epithelial cells.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2014Article
- Article
- Ltbp1L is focally induced in embryonic mammary mesenchyme, demarcates the ductal luminal lineage and is upregulated during involution.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2013Article
- Matrix metalloproteinase-2 degrades fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 of oxytalan fibers in the human eye and periodontal ligaments in vitro.Acta histochemica et cytochemica · 2013Article
- Ductal barriers in mammary epithelium.Tissue barriers · 2013Review
- Parathyroid hormone-related protein specifies the mammary mesenchyme and regulates embryonic mammary development.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2013Review
- Parathyroid hormone-related protein activates Wnt signaling to specify the embryonic mammary mesenchyme.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2012Article
- Parathyroid hormone-related protein: an update.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2012Review
- Transcriptome analysis of embryonic mammary cells reveals insights into mammary lineage establishment.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2011Article
- Molecular mechanisms guiding embryonic mammary gland development.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2010Review
- Key signaling nodes in mammary gland development and cancer: β-catenin.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) acts on the mammary mesenchyme and is required for proper embryonic mammary development. In order to understand PTHrP's effects on mesenchymal cells, we profiled gene expression in WT and PTHrP(-/-) mammary buds, and in WT and K14-PTHrP ventral skin at E15.5. By cross-referencing the differences in gene expression between these groups, we identified 35 genes potentially regulated by PTHrP in the mammary mesenchyme, including 6 genes known to be involved in BMP signaling. One of these genes was MMP2. We demonstrated that PTHrP and BMP4 regulate MMP2 gene expression and MMP2 activity in mesenchymal cells. Using mammary bud cultures, we demonstrated that MMP2 acts downstream of PTHrP to stimulate ductal outgrowth. Future studies on the functional role of other genes on this list should expand our knowledge of how PTHrP signaling triggers the onset of ductal outgrowth from the embryonic mammary buds.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.