ArticleThe Plant cell2009
In planta expression screens of Phytophthora infestans RXLR effectors reveal diverse phenotypes, including activation of the Solanum bulbocastanum disease resistance protein Rpi-blb2.
Article in The Plant cell, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 190 papers.
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Who cites it
190 citing papers in PubMed, 386 citations in OpenAlex.
- A conserved fungal Egh16-like effector suppresses host defense by disrupting ATP binding of wheat MPK3.Journal of integrative plant biology · 2026Article
- Effector FpECIR from Fusarium pseudograminearum targets wheat ethylene signaling pathway to suppress plant immunity.Stress biology · 2026Article
- Diversification and deployment of PRR and NLR immune receptors in potato.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Puccinia triticina Effector Pt3863 Targets and Subverts TaRLCK176 to Suppress Wheat Resistance to Leaf Rust.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Article
- Genome evolution and transposable element expansion reveal host-associated genomic features in Cladosporium cucumerinum.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Virulence gains in the Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici PstS10 lineage correlate with expression polymorphism in a candidate Avr effector.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Article
- An Ustilaginoidea virens Nuclear Effector SCRE7 Inhibits Rice Immunity via Suppressing OsLBD11/12-Promoted Transcription of OsCPS2.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Accelerating Resistance Breeding: Emerging Methods to Identify and Validate Plant Immunity Genes.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- The virulence function of RXLR effectorVirulence · 2025Article
- k-mer-based GWAS reveals a candidate avirulence gene and structural variation in Puccinia triticina linked to gain of Lr20 virulence.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- NtCML19 Is Recruited by Tobacco to Interact With the Deacetylase Protein RsDN3377 of Rhizoctonia solani AG3-TB, Inhibiting Fungal Infection.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Article
- The pathogen effector BcSSP2 suppresses the NPC phase separation to facilitate Botrytis cinerea infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Membrane contact sites between chloroplasts and the pathogen interface underpin plant focal immune responses.The Plant cell · 2025Article
- Secreted Protein VdCUE Modulates Virulence ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Natural Allelic Variations in IbCHYR1-IbZnFR Complex Regulate Fusarium Root Rot Resistance in Sweet Potato.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Deciphering the Molecular Interplay Between RXLR-EncodedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A fungal effector promotes infection via stabilizing a negative regulatory factor of chloroplast immunity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Stripe rust fungi hijack a host transcriptional repressor to induce TaSWEET14d for enhanced sugar uptake in wheat.Science advances · 2025Article
130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans is predicted to secrete hundreds of effector proteins. To address the challenge of assigning biological functions to computationally predicted effector genes, we combined allele mining with high-throughput in planta expression. We developed a library of 62 infection-ready P. infestans RXLR effector clones, obtained using primer pairs corresponding to 32 genes and assigned activities to several of these genes. This approach revealed that 16 of the 62 examined effectors cause phenotypes when expressed inside plant cells. Besides the well-studied AVR3a effector, two additional effectors, PexRD8 and PexRD36(45-1), suppressed the hypersensitive cell death triggered by the elicitin INF1, another secreted protein of P. infestans. One effector, PexRD2, promoted cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana and other solanaceous plants. Finally, two families of effectors induced hypersensitive cell death specifically in the presence of the Solanum bulbocastanum late blight resistance genes Rpi-blb1 and Rpi-blb2, thereby exhibiting the activities expected for Avrblb1 and Avrblb2. The AVRblb2 family was then studied in more detail and found to be highly variable and under diversifying selection in P. infestans. Structure-function experiments indicated that a 34-amino acid region in the C-terminal half of AVRblb2 is sufficient for triggering Rpi-blb2 hypersensitivity and that a single positively selected AVRblb2 residue is critical for recognition by Rpi-blb2.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.