Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19793873›Full record

ArticleJournal of neurophysiology2009

High-amplitude positive spikes recorded extracellularly in cat visual cortex.

Carl Gold, Cyrille C Girardin, Kevan A C Martin, Christof Koch

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neurophysiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 35% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Extracellular Spike Waveforms: Morphology, Biophysics, and Classification Strategies.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The wave nature of the action potential.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025
    Article
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  12. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Carl GoldComputation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Cyrille C Girardin
Kevan A C Martin
Christof Koch
SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics · CHCalifornia Institute of Technology · USKorea University · KR

Funding

NETWORK COOPERATION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN VIVOR01NS034994 · NINDS · RUTGERS THE STATE UNIV OF NJ NEWARK · PI BUZSAKI, GYORGY · 1995 to 2013
$3.6M
Imaging Local Network Activity in VivoR01NS043157 · NINDS · RUTGERS THE STATE UNIV OF NJ NEWARK · PI BUZSAKI, GYORGY · 2002 to 2006
$1.5M
Modeling the Extracellular Fields of Spiking NeuronsF31MH070144 · NIMH · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GOLD, CARL S · 2004 to 2005
$80k
DENDRITIC FUNCTION/PLASTICITY IN THE INTACT HIPPOCAMPUSF32MH012403 · NIMH · RUTGERS THE STATE UNIV OF NJ NEWARK · PI HENZE, DARRELL A · 1999 to 2001
$80k
NIMH NIH HHS 1-F31-MH-070144-01A1NIMH NIH HHS MH-12403NINDS NIH HHS NS-34994NINDS NIH HHS NS-43157
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We simulated the shape and amplitude of extracellular action potentials (APs or "spikes") using biophysical models based on detailed reconstructions of single neurons from the cat's visual cortex. We compared these predictions with spikes recorded from the cat's primary visual cortex under a standard protocol. The experimental data were derived from a large number of neurons throughout all layers. The majority of spikes were biphasic, with a dominant negative peak (mean amplitude, -0.11 mV), whereas a minority of APs had a dominant positive peak of +0.54-mV mean amplitude, with a maximum of +1.5 mV. The largest positive amplitude spikes were recorded in layer 5. The simulations demonstrated that a pyramidal neuron under known biophysical conditions may generate a negative peak with amplitude up to -1.5 mV, but that the amplitude of the positive peak may be at most 0.5 mV. We confirmed that spikes with large positive peaks were not produced by juxtacellular patch recordings. We conclude that there is a significant gap in our present understanding of either the spike-generation process in pyramidal neurons, the biophysics of extracellular recording, or both.

Indexed as

Models, NeurologicalAction PotentialsAnimalsBiophysicsCatsComputer SimulationPyramidal CellsVisual Cortex

Identifiers

PMID19793873
PMCPMC2804433
OpenAlexW1975837017

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.