ArticleJournal of virology2009
Evasion of the mucosal innate immune system by herpes simplex virus type 2.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- B cells, antibody-secreting cells, and virus-specific antibodies respond to herpes simplex virus 2 reactivation in skin.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Trial
- Article
- Local Power: The Role of Tissue-Resident Immunity in Human Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Reactivation.Viruses · 2024Review
- Advances in the immunoescape mechanisms exploited by alphaherpesviruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Cell Intrinsic Determinants of Alpha Herpesvirus Latency and Pathogenesis in the Nervous System.Viruses · 2023Review
- Interferon-λ Activates a Differential Response in Peripheral Neurons That Is Effective against Alpha Herpesvirus Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Modeling human HSV infection via a vascularized immune-competent skin-on-chip platform.Nature communications · 2022Article
- TLR or NOD receptor signaling skews monocyte fate decision via distinct mechanisms driven by mTOR and miR-155.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- A sustained type I IFN-neutrophil-IL-18 axis drives pathology during mucosal viral infection.eLife · 2021Article
- Local Immune Control of Latent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Ganglia of Mice and Man.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Tissue-Resident-Memory CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Immunoregulatory Functions of Interferons During Genital HSV-2 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Immunological Identification and Characterization of the Capsid Scaffold Protein Encoded by UL26.5 of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral Responses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Immediate Early Protein ICP27 Inhibits IFN-β Production in Mucosal Epithelial Cells by Antagonizing IRF3 Activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Innate antimicrobial immunity in the skin: A protective barrier against bacteria, viruses, and fungi.PLoS pathogens · 2018Review
- Herpesviruses: Harmonious Pathogens but Relevant Cofactors in Other Diseases?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- Selective Expression of CCR10 and CXCR3 by Circulating Human Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific CD8 T Cells.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Keratinocytes produce IL-17c to protect peripheral nervous systems during human HSV-2 reactivation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2017Article
- Innate defense mechanisms against HSV-1 infection in the target tissues, skin and brain.Journal of neurovirology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms by which herpes simplex virus (HSV) evades host immune defenses is critical to defining new approaches for therapy and prevention. We performed transcriptional analyses and immunocytochemistry on sequential biopsy specimens of lesional tissue from the acute through the posthealing phases of recurrent mucocutaneous HSV-2 infection. Histological analysis of these biopsy specimens during the acute stage revealed a massive infiltration of T cells, as well as monocytes/macrophages, a large amount of myeloid, and a small number of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, in the dermis of these lesional biopsy specimens. Type I interferon (IFN-beta and IFN-alpha) was poorly expressed and gamma IFN (IFN-gamma) potently induced during time periods in which we detected abundant amounts of HSV-2 antigens and HSV-2 RNA. IFN-stimulated genes were also markedly upregulated, with expression patterns that more closely matched those in primary human fibroblasts treated by IFN-gamma than those in fibroblasts treated by IFN-beta. Transcriptional arrays of the same lesional biopsy sites during healing and at 2 and 4 weeks posthealing revealed no HSV nucleic acids or antigen; however, there was persistent expression of IFN-gamma, with very low levels of IFN-beta and IFN-alpha. The findings of extremely low levels of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, despite the presence of a large number of cells capable of synthesizing these substances, suggest a potent alteration in host defense during HSV-2 infection in vivo. HSV-2's blockade of the innate immune system's production of type I IFN may be a major factor in allowing the virus to break through host mucosal defenses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.