ArticlePloS one2009
Skin electroporation: effects on transgene expression, DNA persistence and local tissue environment.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Safety and tolerability of the Easy Vax™ clinical epidermal electroporation system in healthy adults.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2012Trial
- Gold Nanoparticles-Enhanced Gene Transfer Driven by MHz-Frequency Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Lung cancer vaccine strategies: exploring the spectrum from traditional to RNA-based platforms.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- mRNA Vaccine for Alzheimer's Disease: Pilot Study.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Intradermal DNA vaccine delivery using vacuum-controlled, needle-free electroporation.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Article
- Molecular distribution in intradermal injection for transfer and delivery of therapeutics.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2023Article
- In vitro and in vivo correlation of skin and cellular responses to nucleic acid delivery.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Article
- Cancer Vaccines, Adjuvants, and Delivery Systems.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Electroporation-Based Treatments in Urology.Cancers · 2020Review
- Innate Molecular and Cellular Signature in the Skin Preceding Long-Lasting T Cell Responses after Electroporated DNA Vaccination.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- A DNA Vaccine That Encodes an Antigen-Presenting Cell-Specific Heterodimeric Protein Protects against Cancer and Influenza.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2020Article
- Technological approaches to streamline vaccination schedules, progressing towards single-dose vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2020Review
- Expression Kinetics and Innate Immune Response after Electroporation and LNP-Mediated Delivery of a Self-Amplifying mRNA in the Skin.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2019Article
- Safe and efficient novel approach for non-invasive gene electrotransfer to skin.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Induction of Genotype Cross-Reactive, Hepatitis C Virus-Specific, Cell-Mediated Immunity in DNA-Vaccinated Mice.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Novel tumour antigens and the development of optimal vaccine design.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2018Review
- Current Strategies to Enhance Anti-Tumour Immunity.Biomedicines · 2018Review
- Simultaneous Targeting of Multiple Hemagglutinins to APCs for Induction of Broad Immunity against Influenza.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- DNA immunization site determines the level of gene expression and the magnitude, but not the type of the induced immune response.PloS one · 2018Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundElectrical pulses have been used to enhance uptake of molecules into living cells for decades. This technique, often referred to as electroporation, has become an increasingly popular method to enhance in vivo DNA delivery for both gene therapy applications as well as for delivery of vaccines against both infectious diseases and cancer. In vivo electrovaccination (gene delivery followed by electroporation) is currently being investigated in several clinical trials, including DNA delivery to healthy volunteers. However, the mode of action at molecular level is not yet fully understood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsThis study investigates intradermal DNA electrovaccination in detail and describes the effects on expression of the vaccine antigen, plasmid persistence and the local tissue environment. Gene profiling of the vaccination site showed that the combination of DNA and electroporation induced a significant up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes. In vivo imaging of luciferase activity after electrovaccination demonstrated a rapid onset (minutes) and a long duration (months) of transgene expression. However, when the more immunogenic prostate specific antigen (PSA) was co-administered, PSA-specific T cells were induced and concurrently the luciferase expression became undetectable. Electroporation did not affect the long-term persistence of the PSA-expressing plasmid. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides important insights to how DNA delivery by intradermal electrovaccination affects the local immunological responses of the skin, transgene expression and clearance of the plasmid. As the described vaccination approach is currently being evaluated in clinical trials, the data provided will be of high significance.
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