ReviewPhysiological reviews2009
Reward processing by the opioid system in the brain.
Review in Physiological reviews, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03161795 (Addressing the Risks of Long-Term Opioid Therapy in Chronic Noncancer Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 504 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Addressing the Risks of Long-Term Opioid Therapy in Chronic Noncancer Pain: A National, Multicenter, and Observational Cross-sectional Study in South Korea
Who cites it
504 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,002 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opioid peptides in autism spectrum disorder and gluten-free casein-free diet as a therapeutic approach.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Pooled it
- Opioidergic modulation of monetary incentive delay fMRI responses.Psychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Sensorimotor synchronization to music reduces pain.PloS one · 2023Trial
- Reln Haploinsufficiency Enhances Fentanyl-Induced Locomotion and Dorsal Striatal Activity Without Affecting Opioid Reinforcement and Relapse-Like Behavior.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2026Article
- Temporal Dynamics of Reward Dysfunction in Psychiatric Disorders: Memory-Derived Value, Incentive Salience, Hedonic Impact, and Value Updating.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Can the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction incorporate addiction to opioid drugs?Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Chronic morphine differentially impacts glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in the ventral tegmental area of adult versus adolescent mice.Neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- Preclinical Evaluation of Dual NOP/Mu Partial Agonists for Methamphetamine Use Disorder.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Endogenous Opioid System in Compulsive Eating.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Contributions of the interaction between mu-opioid receptors and dopamine receptors in the regulation of risky decision making.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2026Article
- Limbic System Microstructure in Neonates With Antenatal Opioid Exposure.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Naltrexone and Nalmefene as Modern Psychopharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: Modulation of Opioid Receptors and Neurobiological Pathways of Alcohol Action.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Mu or delta opioid receptor antagonists increase the expression of social conditioned place preference in early adolescent mice.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Targeting Mu Opioid Receptor Neurons of the Habenula to Limit Naloxone Aversion.Biological psychiatry · 2026Article
- Profiling Endogenous Opioid Peptide Release from Adrenal Chromaffin Cells.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Novelty exploration-activated ensemble in the lateral hypothalamus confers analgesic and anxiolytic effects.Nature communications · 2026Article
- DeSpotX: Identifiability-Based Decontamination for Spatial Transcriptomics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A widespread internal brain state for fentanyl withdrawal.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Structure-Guided Repurposing of Approved Drugs Identifies Aprepitant and Mavorixafor as Putative δ-Opioid Receptor Agonist Candidates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- An emerging role for synaptic ZnPharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Review
444 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The opioid system consists of three receptors, mu, delta, and kappa, which are activated by endogenous opioid peptides processed from three protein precursors, proopiomelanocortin, proenkephalin, and prodynorphin. Opioid receptors are recruited in response to natural rewarding stimuli and drugs of abuse, and both endogenous opioids and their receptors are modified as addiction develops. Mechanisms whereby aberrant activation and modifications of the opioid system contribute to drug craving and relapse remain to be clarified. This review summarizes our present knowledge on brain sites where the endogenous opioid system controls hedonic responses and is modified in response to drugs of abuse in the rodent brain. We review 1) the latest data on the anatomy of the opioid system, 2) the consequences of local intracerebral pharmacological manipulation of the opioid system on reinforced behaviors, 3) the consequences of gene knockout on reinforced behaviors and drug dependence, and 4) the consequences of chronic exposure to drugs of abuse on expression levels of opioid system genes. Future studies will establish key molecular actors of the system and neural sites where opioid peptides and receptors contribute to the onset of addictive disorders. Combined with data from human and nonhuman primate (not reviewed here), research in this extremely active field has implications both for our understanding of the biology of addiction and for therapeutic interventions to treat the disorder.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.