Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19787384›Full record

ArticleJournal of molecular evolution2009

Using non-homogeneous models of nucleotide substitution to identify host shift events: application to the origin of the 1918 'Spanish' influenza pandemic virus.

Mario dos Reis, Alan J Hay, Richard A Goldstein

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of molecular evolution, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

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  17. Phylogenetic and epidemic modeling of rapidly evolving infectious diseases.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2011
    Review
  18. Charting the host adaptation of influenza viruses.Molecular biology and evolution · 2011
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Mario dos ReisThe MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, NW7 1AA, UK. m.reis@mail.cryst.bbk.ac.uk
Alan J Hay
Richard A Goldstein

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_U117512708Medical Research Council MC_U117512723Medical Research Council MC_U117573805
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nonhomogeneous Markov models of nucleotide substitution have received scant attention. Here we explore the possibility of using nonhomogeneous models to identify host shift nodes along phylogenetic trees of pathogens evolving in different hosts. It has been noticed that influenza viruses show marked differences in nucleotide composition in human and avian hosts. We take advantage of this fact to identify the host shift event that led to the 1918 'Spanish' influenza. This disease killed over 50 million people worldwide, ranking it as the deadliest pandemic in recorded history. Our model suggests that the eight RNA segments which eventually became the 1918 viral genome were introduced into a mammalian host around 1882-1913. The viruses later diverged into the classical swine and human H1N1 influenza lineages around 1913-1915. The last common ancestor of human strains dates from February 1917 to April 1918. Because pigs are more readily infected with avian influenza viruses than humans, it would seem that they were the original recipient of the virus. This would suggest that the virus was introduced into humans sometime between 1913 and 1918.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionModels, GeneticAnimalsBase CompositionCalibrationDisease OutbreaksHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeInfluenza, HumanLikelihood FunctionsNucleotidesOrthomyxoviridae InfectionsPhylogenySwineNucleotides

Identifiers

PMID19787384
PMCPMC2772961

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.