ReviewJournal of dental research2009
The impact of fluoride on ameloblasts and the mechanisms of enamel fluorosis.
Review in Journal of dental research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 218 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fluoride as a Modifier of Metallome Homeostasis: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on the Association Between Water Fluoride Levels and Dental Fluorosis: Exploring the 'Halo Effect' and Confounding Environmental Factors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Antibiotics and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Enamel Development: A Systematic Review with Quantitative Synthesis.International dental journal · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and association of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in patients presenting dental fluorosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Evidence on the association of overall dietary factors, selected environmental, medical, demographic, and biological factors and developmental defects of enamel, including MIH and enamel fluorosis.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Kinetics of fluoride after brushing with the no-rinse method.BMC oral health · 2024Trial
- CFTR and ClC-3 Transport Fluoride Differently and Cause Dental Fluorosis in Different Ways.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- The Cariostatic Mechanisms of Fluoride-An Updated Review.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Morphological, Histochemical, and Proteomic Analysis of the Effects of Fluoride and Amoxicillin, with Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation, on Dental Enamel Formation.Calcified tissue international · 2026Article
- Developmental vulnerability to fluoride toxicity: enamel and clearance differences in adolescent versus mature mice.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Dental fluorosis in the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus): A review of the pathological changes in the enamel of fluorotic cheek teeth and the abnormal pattern of dental wear in affected dentitions.Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Factors Affecting Fluoride Release from Fluoride Varnishes: A Systematic Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Fluoride: Toxicity, Mechanism and Role of Bioremediation in Detoxification.Current microbiology · 2025Review
- Effects of maternal morphine consumption on odontogenesis in rats: A histomorphometric study.Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects · 2025Article
- Roles of calcium in ameloblasts during tooth development: A scoping review.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2025Review
- Effect of ibuprofen on amelogenesis in Wistar rats.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Different Types of Professional Tooth Whitening: A Systematic Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Expression of SDF-1/CXCR4 and related inflammatory factors in sodium fluoride-treated hepatocytes.PloS one · 2024Article
- Intrauterine exposure to omeprazole increases the risk of teeth morphological anomalies in the offspring of a murine model.Odontology · 2023Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Intake of excess amounts of fluoride during tooth development cause enamel fluorosis, a developmental disturbance that makes enamel more porous. In mild fluorosis, there are white opaque striations across the enamel surface, whereas in more severe cases, the porous regions increase in size, with enamel pitting, and secondary discoloration of the enamel surface. The effects of fluoride on enamel formation suggest that fluoride affects the enamel-forming cells, the ameloblasts. Studies investigating the effects of fluoride on ameloblasts and the mechanisms of fluorosis are based on in vitro cultures as well as animal models. The use of these model systems requires a biologically relevant fluoride dose, and must be carefully interpreted in relation to human tooth formation. Based on these studies, we propose that fluoride can directly affect the ameloblasts, particularly at high fluoride levels, while at lower fluoride levels, the ameloblasts may respond to local effects of fluoride on the mineralizing matrix. A new working model is presented, focused on the assumption that fluoride increases the rate of mineral formation, resulting in a greater release of protons into the forming enamel matrix.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.