ArticleNature2009
Reconstructing Indian population history.
Article in Nature, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 816 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
816 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Distinct trajectories of urbanization shape the human gut microbiome across South Asia.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Introgression Shapes Genetic Variation Associated With Humid Environments in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes From Saudi Arabia.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Consanguinity-Enriched South Indian Retinitis Pigmentosa Cohort: Diagnostic Yield and Molecular Spectrum.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Historical introgression from commercial meat-type ducks constitutes the common genetic basis of white plumage in egg-type duck breeds.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Recovering the precolonial population structure of Khoe-San descendant populations.Science advances · 2026Article
- The origin and domestication of modern cultivated Chrysanthemum × morifolium.Nature plants · 2026Article
- Patterns of Evolutionary Diversification in a World-Significant Hotspot of Salmonid Diversity: A Study of LandlockedEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Combined Effects of Isolation by Distance, Ecology and Resistance on Population Genetic Divergence in Rana kukunoris From Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Article
- Ancient genomes from Ladakh reveal 2800-year-old admixture between Tibetans and South Asians.Science advances · 2026Article
- Layers in the sand: The genetic imprint of migration, culture, and Indus craft in the Thar Desert.HGG advances · 2026Article
- Novel MC1R variants cause red hair and lighter skin color.HGG advances · 2026Article
- Correlation between index finger length and occlusal vertical dimension in dentate adults of different facial forms in West Bengal population: A cross-sectional study.Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society · 2026Observational
- Expansion From Lowland Pleistocene Refugia Followed by Cryptic Introgression in an African Elevational Generalist Bird.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Adaptive evolution at thyroid hormone, insulin and glycerolipid pathways improved energy metabolism in high-latitude Eurasian populations.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Article
- High-resolution analysis of recent population structure using rare variants.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Allelic association analyses: estimation recommendations.Genetics · 2026Article
- Genetic spectrum of rare neurogenetic and neurometabolic disorders in a clinically heterogeneous cohort: insights from whole-exome sequencing.Neurogenetics · 2026Article
756 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
India has been underrepresented in genome-wide surveys of human variation. We analyse 25 diverse groups in India to provide strong evidence for two ancient populations, genetically divergent, that are ancestral to most Indians today. One, the 'Ancestral North Indians' (ANI), is genetically close to Middle Easterners, Central Asians, and Europeans, whereas the other, the 'Ancestral South Indians' (ASI), is as distinct from ANI and East Asians as they are from each other. By introducing methods that can estimate ancestry without accurate ancestral populations, we show that ANI ancestry ranges from 39-71% in most Indian groups, and is higher in traditionally upper caste and Indo-European speakers. Groups with only ASI ancestry may no longer exist in mainland India. However, the indigenous Andaman Islanders are unique in being ASI-related groups without ANI ancestry. Allele frequency differences between groups in India are larger than in Europe, reflecting strong founder effects whose signatures have been maintained for thousands of years owing to endogamy. We therefore predict that there will be an excess of recessive diseases in India, which should be possible to screen and map genetically.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.