ReviewThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2009
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-1 infection.
Review in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01730131 (Natural History Study of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 86 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Natural History Study of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children: recommendations from the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2013Guideline
- Natalizumab-Related Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Multiple Sclerosis: Findings from an Italian Independent Registry.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Unmasking of PML by HAART: unusual clinical features and the role of IRIS.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2010Trial
- Structural characterization of human neutralizing antibodies against JC and BK polyomaviruses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Patients with HIV-Case Series from Northeastern Romania.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy as the Initial Presentation of Undiagnosed HIV Infection: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- JC Polyomavirus Infection: A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- Rhombencephalitis in an 86-year-old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Prevalence of JC polyomavirus among rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients and its correlation with vitamin D levels.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- Chemokine-mediated cell migration into the central nervous system in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Tools, and Potential Biomarkers of Response to Therapy.Neurology · 2023Review
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: prevalence, main characteristics, and outcomes in a Brazilian center.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2023Article
- Ataxic presentation of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: an uncommon phenotype.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2023Article
- CD8 Encephalitis in HIV: A Review of This Emerging Entity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Biogenesis of JC polyomavirus associated extracellular vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2022Article
- AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient presenting with cerebellar ataxia.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2021Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is caused by the JC polyomavirus (JCV) and is one of the most feared complications of HIV-1 infection. Unlike other opportunistic infections, this disease can present when CD4 counts are higher than those associated with AIDS and when patients are receiving combined antiretroviral therapy, either shortly after starting or, more rarely, during long term successful treatment. Clinical suspicion of the disease is typically when MRI shows focal neurological deficits and associated demyelinating lesions; however, the identification of JCV in cerebrospinal fluid or brain tissue is needed for a definitive diagnosis. Although no specific treatment exists, the reversal of immunosuppression by combined antiretroviral therapy leads to clinical and MRI stabilisation in 50-60% of patients with the disease, and JCV clearance from cerebrospinal fluid. A substantial proportion of patients treated with combined antiretroviral therapy develop inflammatory lesions, which can be associated with either a favourable outcome or clinical worsening. The reasons for variability in the natural history of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and treatment responses are largely undefined, and more specific and rational approaches to management are needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.