ArticleNeuron2009
Cortical firing and sleep homeostasis.
Article in Neuron, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04716673 (Investigating the Effect of Closed-loop Auditory Stimulation on Sleep and Behavior in Patients With Epilepsy and Healthy Controls), which is not on this map. Cited by 389 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigating the Effect of Closed-loop Auditory Stimulation on Sleep and Behavior in Patients With Epilepsy and Healthy Controls: a Developmental Study
Who cites it
389 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 760 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic literature review of sex differences in childhood language and brain development.Neuropsychologia · 2018Pooled it
- Modulation of early non-rapid eye movement slow wave activity by ketamine in treatment-resistant depression.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Distinct EEG Features and Sleep/Wake Behaviour Predict Anxiety Phenotypes in Mice.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
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- Sleep differentially modulates synaptic vesicle protein 2A and spine density across cortical regions and development.iScience · 2026Article
- Enriched experience increases reciprocal synaptic connectivity and coding sparsity in higher-order cortex.Science advances · 2026Article
- Review
- Sleep homeostasis impairment across obstructive sleep apnea severity: findings from a population-based cohort study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Article
- Induction of cortical on/off periods in awake mice fulfills sleep functions.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Energy paradox in REM sleep: balancing supply and consumption in brain metabolism.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Cortex-specific inversion of visual responses during sleep.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cortical firing dynamics during micro-arousals vary with sleep/wake history and micro-arousal duration.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Heart rate and sleep history encode ultradian REM sleep timing.Current biology : CB · 2026Article
- Cortex-specific inversion of visual responses during sleep.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A hippocampal 'sharp-wave sleep' state that is dissociable from cortical sleep.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sleep firing rate homeostasis is disrupted in mild parkinsonism.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Vigilance state dissociation induced by 5-MeO-DMT in mice.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Sleep increases firing rate modulation during interictal epileptiform discharges in mesial temporal structures.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Brain-wide properties of slow waves across vigilance states.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
329 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The need to sleep grows with the duration of wakefulness and dissipates with time spent asleep, a process called sleep homeostasis. What are the consequences of staying awake on brain cells, and why is sleep needed? Surprisingly, we do not know whether the firing of cortical neurons is affected by how long an animal has been awake or asleep. Here, we found that after sustained wakefulness cortical neurons fire at higher frequencies in all behavioral states. During early NREM sleep after sustained wakefulness, periods of population activity (ON) are short, frequent, and associated with synchronous firing, while periods of neuronal silence are long and frequent. After sustained sleep, firing rates and synchrony decrease, while the duration of ON periods increases. Changes in firing patterns in NREM sleep correlate with changes in slow-wave activity, a marker of sleep homeostasis. Thus, the systematic increase of firing during wakefulness is counterbalanced by staying asleep.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.