ArticleNature2009
STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate immunity.
Article in Nature, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,637 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,637 citing papers in PubMed, 2,663 citations in OpenAlex.
- NOTCH1 reverses immune suppression in small cell lung cancer through reactivation of STING.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Trial
- Nanoadjuvant-based membrane poration boosts antitumor immunity via modulating mitochondrial metabolism to downregulate PD-L1 and upregulate STING.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Syncytium-forming HSV-1 in cancer gene therapy: From molecular mechanisms to clinical translation.Virulence · 2026Review
- A Fish MDA5 Integrates Canonical RIG-I and MDA5 Ligand Recognition.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- CD8⁺ T Cell infiltration and spatial organization in cancer: mechanisms, barriers, and therapeutic strategies.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- NET-derived DNA is associated with cGAS-STING and type I IFN responses, as supported by monocyte stimulation cultures using plasma from female patients with SLE.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Mechanistic reprogramming of the mtDNA-cGAS-STING axis in cellular senescence: from mitochondrial homeostatic disruption to inflammatory and immune outcomes.Biogerontology · 2026Review
- ISG15 Is a Key Multidirectional Regulator of Cytosolic RNA- and DNA-Sensing Pathways and Type I Interferon Feedback Loops.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The NLRP3 inflammasome at the crossroads of innate immune signaling and cell death.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Expanding the therapeutic scope of PARP inhibitors in breast cancer: current indications and future directions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Communication Networks in the Bone Microenvironment: From the Maintenance of Homeostasis to Translational Interventions for Bone Diseases.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- The cGAS-STING/MITA pathway in innate antiviral immunity and beyond.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Fis1 tunes Rab7A activity via TBC1D15 modulating STING degradation.Cell reports · 2026Article
- STING agonist profiling by nucleotide library defines structural determinants of cyclic dinucleotide recognition.iScience · 2026Article
- The bidirectional immunoregulatory effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and their translational prospects.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Atlas-ing STING mutations to advance fundamental understanding and clinical translation.Cell research · 2026Article
- Precision tuning of STING signaling: a mutational blueprint.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- T cell senescence and exhaustion: molecular mechanisms and immune rejuvenation for cancer immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- STING expression in pituitary neuroendocrine tumour immune microenvironments.Endocrine-related cancer · 2026Article
- A versatile cGAMP reporter reveals principles of cGAS activation by DNA damage and chromosome instability.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
1,577 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The innate immune system is critical for the early detection of invading pathogens and for initiating cellular host defence countermeasures, which include the production of type I interferon (IFN). However, little is known about how the innate immune system is galvanized to respond to DNA-based microbes. Here we show that STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is critical for the induction of IFN by non-CpG intracellular DNA species produced by various DNA pathogens after infection. Murine embryonic fibroblasts, as well as antigen presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells (exposed to intracellular B-form DNA, the DNA virus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) or bacteria Listeria monocytogenes), were found to require STING to initiate effective IFN production. Accordingly, Sting-knockout mice were susceptible to lethal infection after exposure to HSV-1. The importance of STING in facilitating DNA-mediated innate immune responses was further evident because cytotoxic T-cell responses induced by plasmid DNA vaccination were reduced in Sting-deficient animals. In the presence of intracellular DNA, STING relocalized with TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) from the endoplasmic reticulum to perinuclear vesicles containing the exocyst component Sec5 (also known as EXOC2). Collectively, our studies indicate that STING is essential for host defence against DNA pathogens such as HSV-1 and facilitates the adjuvant activity of DNA-based vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.