Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19776346›Full record

ReviewNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2009

The behavioral ecology of secondhand smoke exposure: A pathway to complete tobacco control.

Melbourne F Hovell, Suzanne C Hughes

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
71citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

71 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  16. Thirdhand Smoke in the Homes of Medically Fragile Children: Assessing the Impact of Indoor Smoking Levels and Smoking Bans.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016
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11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Melbourne F HovellCenter for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92123, USA. mhovell@projects.sdsu.edu
Suzanne C Hughes

Funding

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Reduction in PreteensR01HL066307 · NHLBI · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI HOVELL, MELBOURNE F · 2003 to 2007
$3.9M
Intramural NIH HHSNHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL066307
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis article outlines a theoretical framework for research concerning secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) prevention as a means to curtail the tobacco industry.

methodsThe Behavioral Ecological Model (BEM) assumes interlocking social contingencies of reinforcement (i.e., rewards or punishments) from the highest level of society (e.g., taxing cigarette sales) to physiological reactions to nicotine that influence smoking and SHSe. We review selected research concerning both policy and clinical efforts to restrict smoking and/or SHSe.

resultsResearch to date has focused on smoking cessation with modest to weak effects. The BEM and empirical evidence suggest that cultural contingencies of reinforcement should be emphasized to protect people from SHSe, especially vulnerable children, pregnant women, the ill, the elderly, and low-income adults who have not "elected" to smoke. Doing so will protect vulnerable populations from industry-produced SHSe and may yield more and longer-lasting cessation.

conclusionsInterventions that reduce SHSe may serve as a Trojan horse to counter the tobacco industry. Future studies should: (a) guide policies to restrict SHSe; (b) develop powerful community and clinical interventions to reduce SHSe; (c) test the degree to which policies and other contexts enhance the effects of clinical interventions (e.g., media programs disclosing the disingenuous marketing by the industry); and (d) investigate the effects of all health care providers' ability to reduce SHSe and generate an antitobacco culture, by advising all clients to avoid starting to smoke, to protect their children from SHSe, and to quit smoking.

Indexed as

Health BehaviorSocial EnvironmentChildFemaleHumansMaleModels, TheoreticalPregnancySmokingTobacco IndustryTobacco Smoke PollutionTobacco Smoke Pollution

Identifiers

PMID19776346
PMCPMC2782259

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.