Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19773421›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2009

Universal function-specificity of codon usage.

Hamed Shateri Najafabadi, Hani Goodarzi, Reza Salavati

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Frontiers in plant science · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
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  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
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  9. Codon optimality, bias and usage in translation and mRNA decay.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2018
    Review
  10. Integrated analysis of individual codon contribution to protein biosynthesis reveals a new approach to improving the basis of rational gene design.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2017
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. New insights into the interplay between codon bias determinants in plants.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2015
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Hamed Shateri NajafabadiInstitute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Montreal, Quebec, H9X3V9, Canada.
Hani Goodarzi
Reza Salavati
Princeton University · USMcGill University · CA

Funding

Canadian Institutes of Health Research 94445
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Synonymous codon usage has long been known as a factor that affects average expression level of proteins in fast-growing microorganisms, but neither its role in dynamic changes of expression in response to environmental changes nor selective factors shaping it in the genomes of higher eukaryotes have been fully understood. Here, we propose that codon usage is ubiquitously selected to synchronize the translation efficiency with the dynamic alteration of protein expression in response to environmental and physiological changes. Our analysis reveals that codon usage is universally correlated with gene function, suggesting its potential contribution to synchronized regulation of genes with similar functions. We directly show that coexpressed genes have similar synonymous codon usages within the genomes of human, yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans and Escherichia coli. We also demonstrate that perturbing the codon usage directly affects the level or even direction of changes in protein expression in response to environmental stimuli. Perturbing tRNA composition also has tangible phenotypic effects on the cell. By showing that codon usage is universally function-specific, our results expand, to almost all organisms, the notion that cells may need to dynamically alter their intracellular tRNA composition in order to adapt to their new environment or physiological role.

Indexed as

CodonGene Expression RegulationProtein BiosynthesisAnimalsBase SequenceGene ExpressionHumansMolecular Sequence DataProteinsRNA, TransferCodonProteinsRNA, Transfer

Identifiers

PMID19773421
PMCPMC2790905
OpenAlexW2029913010

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.