Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19770848›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2009

Socioeconomic status and cardiovascular disease: risks and implications for care.

Alexander M Clark, Marie DesMeules, Wei Luo, Amanda S Duncan, Andy Wielgosz

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 278 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
278citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

278 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Inequalities in Exclusively Mobile Interventions Targeting Weight-Related Behaviors: Systematic Review of Observational Studies.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
    Pooled it
  3. The impact of public policy on socioeconomic equity in physical activity: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026
    Pooled it
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  7. Measurement of Socioeconomic Position in Research on Cardiovascular Health Disparities in Korea: A Systematic Review.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2019
    Pooled it
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218 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alexander M ClarkUniversity of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6R2R6, Canada. alex.clark@ualberta.ca
Marie DesMeules
Wei Luo
Amanda S Duncan
Andy Wielgosz

Funding

Canadian Institutes of Health Research
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to an individual's social position relative to other members of a society. Low SES is associated with large increases in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in men and women. The inverse association between SES and CVD risk in high-income countries is the result of the high prevalence and compounding effects of multiple behavioral and psychosocial risk factors in people of low SES. However, strong and consistent evidence shows that parental SES, childhood and early-life factors, and inequalities in health services also contribute to elevated CVD risk in people of low SES who live in high-income countries. In addition, place of residence can affect CVD risk, although the data on the influence of wealth distribution and work-related factors are inconsistent. Studies on the effects of SES on CVD risk in low-income and middle-income countries is scarce, but evidence is emerging that the increasing wealth of these countries is beginning to lead to replication of the patterns seen in high-income countries. Clinicians should address the association between SES and CVD by incorporating SES into CVD risk calculations and screening tools, reducing behavioral and psychosocial risk factors via effective and equitable primary and secondary prevention, undertaking health equity audits to assess inequalities in care provision and outcomes, and by use of multidisciplinary teams to address risk factors over the life course.

Indexed as

Healthcare DisparitiesHealth Services AccessibilityPreventive Health ServicesSocial ClassAdultCardiovascular DiseasesFemaleHealth BehaviorHumansMaleResidence CharacteristicsRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsRisk Reduction BehaviorTime FactorsYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID19770848

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.