ReviewJournal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology2009
CNS inflammation and macrophage/microglial biology associated with HIV-1 infection.
Review in Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of minocycline on cerebrospinal fluid markers of oxidative stress, neuronal injury, and inflammation in HIV-seropositive individuals with cognitive impairment.Journal of neurovirology · 2014Trial
- Neonatal intrahippocampal HIV-1 protein Tat(1-86) injection: neurobehavioral alterations in the absence of increased inflammatory cytokine activation.International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience · 2014Trial
- Review
- The brain as an HIV reservoir: Recent findings using autopsy tissues from people with HIV.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- Review
- Mitochondrial microprotein MOCCI controls neuroinflammation by altering glial activation states.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- IL-34 in neurological homeostasis and its multifaceted roles in central nervous system diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Regulation of eco-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type-1-infection by sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartic domain containing protein-1 in a microglial cell line: a novel in vitro model for studying HIV infection and latency in microglia.Journal of neurovirology · 2025Article
- Review
- Recent advances in nanotherapeutics for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and substance use disorders.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Neurovirulent and non-neurovirulent strains of HIV-1 and their Tat proteins induce differential cytokine-chemokine profiles.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Mapping the intersection of HIV and Alzheimer's disease: a bibliometric analysis of emerging research trends.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- LM11A-31, a modulator of p75 neurotrophin receptor, suppresses HIV-1 replication and inflammatory response in macrophages.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Role of microglia in brain development after viral infection.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Behavioral and histological assessment of a novel treatment of neuroHIV in humanized mice.Research square · 2023Article
- Differential Regulation of Tachykinin and Opioid System Gene Expression in Brain and Immune Cells of Chronic Binge Alcohol-Treated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- Astrocytes and the Psychiatric Sequelae of COVID-19: What We Learned from the Pandemic.Neurochemical research · 2023Review
- Central nervous system and neuropsychiatric disturbances in people living with HIV.Le infezioni in medicina · 2023Review
- Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- HIV-Associated Vacuolar Myelopathy and HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder as an Initial Presentation in HIV Infection.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2023Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) can result in neurological dysfunction with devastating consequences in a significant proportion of individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. HIV-1 does not infect neurons directly but induces damage indirectly through the accumulation of activated macrophage/microglia (M/M) cells, some of which are infected, that release neurotoxic mediators including both cellular activation products and viral proteins. One mechanism for the accumulation of activated M/M involves the development in infected individuals of an activated peripheral blood monocyte population that traffics through the blood-brain barrier, a process that also serves to carry virus into CNS and establish local infection. A second mechanism involves the release by infected and activated M/M in the CNS of chemotactic mediators that recruit additional monocytes from the periphery. These activated M/M, some of which are infected, release a number of cytokines and small molecule mediators as well as viral proteins that act on bystander cells and in turn activate them, thus amplifying the cascade. These viral proteins and cellular products have neurotoxic properties as well, both directly and through induction of astrocyte dysfunction, which ultimately lead to neuronal injury and death. In patients effectively treated with antiretroviral therapy, frank dementia is now uncommon and has been replaced by milder forms of neurocognitive impairment, with less frequent and more focal neuropathology. This review summarizes key findings that support the critical role and mechanisms of monocyte/macrophage activation and inflammation as a major component for HIV-1 encephalitis or HIV-1 associated dementia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.