ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2009
Pepper mild mottle virus as an indicator of fecal pollution.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Have genetic targets for faecal pollution diagnostics and source tracking revolutionized water quality analysis yet?FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Recent progress on wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19 surveillance: A systematic review of analytical procedures and epidemiological modeling.The Science of the total environment · 2023Pooled it
- Risk management of viral infectious diseases in wastewater reclamation and reuse: Review.Environment international · 2016Pooled it
- Characterization of the viral microbiome in patients with severe lower respiratory tract infections, using metagenomic sequencing.PloS one · 2012Trial
- Measuring the efficiency of a solids-based wastewater extraction using BCoV and validation of a BCoV and PMMoV RT-qPCR duplex assay.MethodsX · 2026Article
- Toward a quality-managed operational architecture for wastewater surveillance of zoonotic and emerging pathogens.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Review
- Direct quantification of waterborne viruses via high-temperature and high-pressure treatment: a simplified nucleic acid extraction-free approach.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- First Wastewater-Based Surveillance of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV) in Korea.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Seasonal and spatial variability of PMMoV in tropical urban wastewater-based surveillance: implications for accurate SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in Kampala, Uganda.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Crassphage, Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, and Human Mastadenovirus as Indicators of Human Fecal Contamination in Surface Water.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Seasonal patterns of viromes in urban aquatic environments of Manitoba.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Novel Bacteroides bacteriophage-like quantitative real-time PCR assays for human sewage pollution measurement.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Article
- Partitioning and probe-based quantitative PCR assays for the wastewater monitoring ofJournal of water and health · 2025Article
- Optimizing solid-based methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater: addressing PCR inhibition and variant challenges.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Norovirus trends in British Columbia from 2021 to 2022: the relationship between wastewater surveillance and clinical outbreak data during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Wastewater dataset on the SARS-CoV-2 sublineages circulating in Central Arkansas, USA, post-COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Wastewater-Based Surveillance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Reveals a Temporal Disconnect in Disease Trajectory across an Active International Land Border.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Quantification of Viruses in Wastewater on a Centrifugal Microfluidic Disc.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal Variability of the Pepper Mild Mottle Virus Biomarker in Wastewater.ACS ES&T water · 2025Article
- High-throughput sequencing revealed the symptomatic common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) virome in Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Accurate indicators of fecal pollution are needed in order to minimize public health risks associated with wastewater contamination in recreational waters. However, the bacterial indicators currently used for monitoring water quality do not correlate with the presence of pathogens. Here we demonstrate that the plant pathogen Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is widespread and abundant in wastewater from the United States, suggesting the utility of this virus as an indicator of human fecal pollution. Quantitative PCR was used to determine the abundance of PMMoV in raw sewage, treated wastewater, seawater exposed to wastewater, and fecal samples and/or intestinal homogenates from a wide variety of animals. PMMoV was present in all wastewater samples at concentrations greater than 1 million copies per milliliter of raw sewage. Despite the ubiquity of PMMoV in human feces, this virus was not detected in the majority of animal fecal samples tested, with the exception of chicken and seagull samples. PMMoV was detected in four out of six seawater samples collected near point sources of secondary treated wastewater off southeastern Florida, where it co-occurred with several other pathogens and indicators of fecal pollution. Since PMMoV was not found in nonpolluted seawater samples and could be detected in surface seawater for approximately 1 week after its initial introduction, the presence of PMMoV in the marine environment reflects a recent contamination event. Together, these data demonstrate that PMMoV is a promising new indicator of fecal pollution in coastal environments.
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