ArticleNeuroscience letters2009
Palisade endings are present in canine extraocular muscles and have a cholinergic phenotype.
Article in Neuroscience letters, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proprioceptors in extraocular muscles.Experimental physiology · 2024Review
- MIF versus SIF Motoneurons, What Are Their Respective Contribution in the Oculomotor Medial Rectus Pool?The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- A Subset of Palisade Endings Only in the Medial and Inferior Rectus Muscle in Monkey Contain Calretinin.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2018Article
- Examination of feline extraocular motoneuron pools as a function of muscle fiber innervation type and muscle layer.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2017Article
- Palisade Endings Are a Constant Feature in the Extraocular Muscles of Frontal-Eyed, But Not Lateral-Eyed, Animals.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2016Article
- Internal organization of medial rectus and inferior rectus muscle neurons in the C group of the oculomotor nucleus in monkey.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2015Article
- Axons giving rise to the palisade endings of feline extraocular muscles display motor features.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2013Article
- Do palisade endings in extraocular muscles arise from neurons in the motor nuclei?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2011Article
- Evidence that the extraocular motor nuclei innervate monkey palisade endings.Neuroscience letters · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Classical proprioceptors, like Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles are absent in the extraocular muscles (EOMs) of most mammals. Instead, a nerve end organ was detected in the EOMs of each species including sheep, cat, rabbit, rat, monkey, and human examined so far: the palisade ending. Until now no clear evidence appeared that palisade endings are also present in canine EOMs. Here, we analyzed dog EOMs by confocal laser scanning microscopy, 3D reconstruction, and transmission electron microscopy. In EOM wholemount preparations stained with antibodies against neurofilament and synaptophysin we could demonstrate typical palisade endings. Nerve fibers coming from the muscle extend into the tendon. There, the nerve fibers turn 180 degrees and return to branch into preterminal axons which establish nerve terminals around a single muscle fiber tip. Fine structural analysis revealed that each palisade ending in dog EOMs establish nerve terminals on the tendon. In some palisade endings we found nerve terminals contacting the muscle fiber as well. Such neuromuscular contacts have a basal lamina in the synaptic cleft. By using an antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) we proved that canine palisade endings are ChAT-immunoreactive. This study shows that palisade endings are present in canine EOMs. In line with prior findings in cat and monkey, palisade endings in dog have a cholinergic phenotype.
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