ArticleEarly human development2009
The ELGAN study of the brain and related disorders in extremely low gestational age newborns.
Article in Early human development, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 229 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
229 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 334 citations in OpenAlex.
- Accelerated epigenetic age at birth and child emotional and behavioura development in early childhood: a meta-analysis of four prospective cohort studies in ECHO.Epigenetics · 2023Pooled it
- Quality of life of patients and caregivers affected by bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a systematic review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Pooled it
- Development and Validation of a Novel Placental DNA Methylation Biomarker of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy in the ECHO Program.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Trial
- Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants Randomized to Stress Dose Hydrocortisone.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Pediatric clinician perspectives on clinical decision support tools for chronic kidney disease risk after preterm birth.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Retinopathy of Prematurity Is Associated With Reduced Thalamic Volume and Impaired Neurodevelopment. A Cohort Study.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Article
- Buccal DNA Methylation-Derived EpiScores are Associated with Neonatal Morbidity Burden in Infants born Very Preterm.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in neonatal blood: associations with respiratory disease in extremely preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Factors associated with short-term response after systemic corticosteroid treatment in invasively ventilated preterm infants.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Neonatal inflammation predicts adolescent brain volume and neurologic outcomes in children born extremely prematurely.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Retinopathy of Prematurity and Neurodevelopmental and Quality-of-Life Outcomes at 10 Years of Age.American journal of perinatology · 2026Article
- Intellectual Profiles in Children with Unilateral and Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Multilevel Analysis of the Wisc-Iv Scale.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2026Article
- Extracorporeal Support Vascular Access: 3D Printing Custom Cannulas.ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992) · 2026Article
- Implementation of national guidelines on antenatal magnesium sulfate for neonatal neuroprotection: extended evaluation of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the National PReCePT Programme in England.BMJ quality & safety · 2026Article
- A Reconciled Method for Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Implementation Programmes: Illustrated by Quality Improvement Programmes to Increase the Uptake of Magnesium Sulphate in Preterm Births.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Review
- Development of an electrochemiluminescence assay to measure serum darbepoetin concentration in extremely preterm infants.Bioanalysis · 2025Article
- Analysis of prenatal medication use and placental epigenetic gestational age in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) highlight relationships to aspirin use during pregnancy.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Placental epigenetic age and adolescent blood pressure: the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn cohort.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Count of Neonatal Morbidities Predicts Outcomes at Age 10 and 15 Years in Infants Born Extremely Preterm.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
169 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExtremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) are at increased risk for structural and functional brain abnormalities.
aimTo identify factors that contribute to brain damage in ELGANs. STUDY
designMulti-center cohort study. SUBJECTS: We enrolled 1506 ELGANs born before 28 weeks gestation at 14 sites; 1201 (80%) survived to 2 years corrected age. Information about exposures and characteristics was collected by maternal interview, from chart review, microbiologic and histological examination of placentas, and measurement of proteins in umbilical cord and early postnatal blood spots. OUTCOME MEASURES: Indicators of white matter damage, i.e. ventriculomegaly and echolucent lesions, on protocol cranial ultrasound scans; head circumference and developmental outcomes at 24 months adjusted age, i.e., cerebral palsy, mental and motor scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and a screen for autism spectrum disorders.
resultsELGAN Study publications thus far provide evidence that the following are associated with ultrasongraphically detected white matter damage, cerebral palsy, or both: preterm delivery attributed to preterm labor, prelabor premature rupture of membranes, or cervical insufficiency; recovery of microorganisms in the placenta parenchyma, including species categorized as human skin microflora; histological evidence of placental inflammation; lower gestational age at delivery; greater neonatal illness severity; severe chronic lung disease; neonatal bacteremia; and necrotizing enterocolitis.
conclusionsIn addition to supporting a potential role for many previously identified antecedents of brain damage in ELGANs, our study is the first to provide strong evidence that brain damage in extremely preterm infants is associated with microorganisms in placenta parenchyma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.