Trial reportAmerican journal of public health2009
The Sonoma water evaluation trial: a randomized drinking water intervention trial to reduce gastrointestinal illness in older adults.
Trial report in American journal of public health, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines on Water Treatment for Wilderness, International Travel, and Austere Situations: 2024 Update.Wilderness & environmental medicine · 2024Guideline
- Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for Water Disinfection for Wilderness, International Travel, and Austere Situations.Wilderness & environmental medicine · 2019Guideline
- Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Water distribution system deficiencies and gastrointestinal illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2014Pooled it
- The effect of India's total sanitation campaign on defecation behaviors and child health in rural Madhya Pradesh: a cluster randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2014Trial
- Trial
- The complex association between drinking water consumption and endemic gastrointestinal illness as shown by Swedish cohort studies.Journal of water and health · 2024Article
- Statewide Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Waterborne Viruses, Bacteria, and Protozoa in Public Water Supply Wells in Minnesota.Environmental science & technology · 2022Article
- The association between E. coli exceedances in drinking water supplies and healthcare utilisation of older people.PloS one · 2022Article
- Potable Water Reuse: What Are the Microbiological Risks?Current environmental health reports · 2018Review
- On the use of total aerobic spore bacteria to make treatment decisions due to Cryptosporidium risk at public water system wells.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2018Article
- Acute Illness Among Surfers After Exposure to Seawater in Dry- and Wet-Weather Conditions.American journal of epidemiology · 2017Article
- Use of Pathogen-Specific Antibody Biomarkers to Estimate Waterborne Infections in Population-Based Settings.Current environmental health reports · 2016Review
- Refined assessment of associations between drinking water residence time and emergency department visits for gastrointestinal illness in Metro Atlanta, Georgia.Journal of water and health · 2016Article
- Assessing the Health Impact of Water Quality Interventions in Low-Income Settings: Concerns Associated with Blinded Trials and the Need for Objective Outcomes.Environmental health perspectives · 2016Article
- Estimating the number of cases of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) associated with Canadian municipal drinking water systems.Epidemiology and infection · 2016Article
- Toward a systems approach to enteric pathogen transmission: from individual independence to community interdependence.Annual review of public health · 2012Review
- Contaminated small drinking water supplies and risk of infectious intestinal disease: a prospective cohort study.PloS one · 2012Article
- Epidemiological methods in diarrhoea studies--an update.International journal of epidemiology · 2011Review
- Apparent benefit of water filters may be an artifact of study design.American journal of public health · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe estimated the relative rate of highly credible gastrointestinal illness (HCGI) per year associated with active versus sham household water filtration devices among older adults in a community receiving tap water meeting current US standards.
methodsWe conducted a randomized, triple-blinded, crossover trial in 714 households (988 individuals), which used active and sham water filtration devices for 6 months each. We estimated the annual incidence rate ratio of HCGI episodes and the longitudinal prevalence ratio of HCGI days at population and individual levels with a generalized estimating equation (GEE) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), respectively, adjusted for covariates associated with outcome.
resultsThe incidence rate ratios (active versus sham) were 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77, 1.00) and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.76, 0.94) HCGI episodes per year estimated by GEE and GLMM models, respectively. The corresponding longitudinal prevalence ratios were 0.88 (95% CI = 0.74, 1.05) and 0.84 (95% CI = 0.78, 0.90) HCGI days per person per year.
conclusionsWe observed reductions in population- and individual-level measures of HCGI associated with use of the active filtration device. These findings suggest the need for further research on the impact of drinking water on the health of sensitive subpopulations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.