ArticleIntensive care medicine2010
Bacillus anthracis cell wall produces injurious inflammation but paradoxically decreases the lethality of anthrax lethal toxin in a rat model.
Article in Intensive care medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydrocortisone decreases lethality and inflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide production in rats challenged with B. anthracis cell wall peptidoglycan.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2020Article
- Bacillus anthracis Edema Toxin Increases Fractional Free Water and Sodium Reabsorption in an Isolated Perfused Rat Kidney Model.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Nitric oxide production contributes to Bacillus anthracis edema toxin-associated arterial hypotension and lethality: ex vivo and in vivo studies in the rat.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2016Article
- Catheterization of the carotid artery and jugular vein to perform hemodynamic measures, infusions and blood sampling in a conscious rat model.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2015Article
- Confirmed Bacillus anthracis infection among persons who inject drugs, Scotland, 2009-2010.Emerging infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Purified cell wall from the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus gasseri activates systemic inflammation and, at higher doses, produces lethality in a rat model.Critical care (London, England) · 2014Article
- Molecular determinants for a cardiovascular collapse in anthrax.Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition) · 2014Review
- B. anthracis associated cardiovascular dysfunction and shock: the potential contribution of both non-toxin and toxin components.BMC medicine · 2013Review
- Bacillus anthracis cell wall peptidoglycan but not lethal or edema toxins produces changes consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation in a rat model.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Article
- B. anthracis edema toxin increases cAMP levels and inhibits phenylephrine-stimulated contraction in a rat aortic ring model.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2013Article
- The sepsis model: an emerging hypothesis for the lethality of inhalation anthrax.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2013Article
- Protective antigen antibody augments hemodynamic support in anthrax lethal toxin shock in canines.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2012Article
- Anthrax infection.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2011Review
- The evolving experience with therapeutic TNF inhibition in sepsis: considering the potential influence of risk of death.Expert opinion on investigational drugs · 2011Review
- The potential contributions of lethal and edema toxins to the pathogenesis of anthrax associated shock.Toxins · 2011Review
- Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2010: I. Acute renal failure, outcome, risk assessment and ICU performance, sepsis, neuro intensive care and experimentals.Intensive care medicine · 2011Article
- Anthrax lethal and edema toxins produce different patterns of cardiovascular and renal dysfunction and synergistically decrease survival in canines.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe in vivo inflammatory effects of the Bacillus anthracis cell wall are unknown. We therefore investigated these effects in rats and, for comparison, those of known inflammatory stimulants, Staphylococcus aureus cell wall or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHOD AND
resultsSprague-Dawley rats (n = 103) were challenged with increasing B. anthracis cell wall doses (10, 20, 40, 80, or 160 mg/kg) or diluent (control) as a bolus or 24-h infusion. The three highest bolus doses were lethal (20-64% lethality rates) as were the two highest infused doses (13% with each). Comparisons among lethal or nonlethal doses on other measured parameters were not significantly different, and these were combined for analysis. Over the 24 h after challenge initiation with lethal bolus or infusion, compared to controls, ten inflammatory cytokines and NO levels were increased and circulating neutrophils and platelets decreased (P <or= 0.05). Changes with lethal doses were greater than changes with nonlethal doses (P <or= 0.01). Lethal bolus or infusion doses produced hypotension or hypoxemia, respectively (P <or= 0.05). The effects with B. anthracis cell wall were similar to those of S. aureus cell wall or LPS. However, paradoxically administration of B. anthracis cell wall or LPS decreased the lethality of concurrently administered B. anthracis lethal toxin (P < 0.0001 and 0.04, respectively).
conclusionB. anthracis cell wall has the potential to produce inflammatory injury during anthrax infection clinically. However, understanding why cell wall or LPS paradoxically reduced lethality with lethal toxin may help understand this toxin's pathogenic effects.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.