ArticleDiabetologia2009
Contact frequency determines outcome of basal insulin initiation trials in type 2 diabetes.
Article in Diabetologia, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of two telemonitoring systems to improve glycaemic control during basal insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes: The TeleDiab-2 randomized controlled trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2019Trial
- A Narrative Review of Diabetes Intervention Studies to Explore Diabetes Care Opportunities for Pharmacists.Journal of diabetes research · 2016Review
- The Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention (MITI) for Insulin Glargine Titration in an Urban, Low-Income Population: Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol.JMIR research protocols · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether predetermined contact frequency with the study team and endpoint insulin dose are associated with study outcomes in basal insulin initiation trials in type 2 diabetes.
methodsA systematic Medline search was performed. Using data from the selected studies, contact frequency was plotted against HbA(1c) reduction and endpoint insulin dose. The importance of face-to-face vs telephone contact was also analysed. Insulin dose was plotted against HbA(1c) reduction, hypoglycaemia rate and weight gain. To investigate non-specific study effects, the relationship between contact frequency and HbA(1c) was also assessed in dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor trials.
resultsThe reduction in HbA(1c) was highly correlated with contact frequency and endpoint insulin dose (r (2) = 0.751, p < 0.001 and r (2) = 0.433, p = 0.008, respectively). However, after adjusting for contact frequency, the relationship between insulin dose and HbA(1c) reduction was no longer significant (p = 0.270). The frequency of both clinical and telephone contacts were independent predictors of HbA(1c) improvement (p = 0.010 and p < 0.001, respectively). We found no dose-response relationship between end-of-study insulin dose and hypoglycaemia or weight gain. In DPP-4 inhibitor studies, contact frequency was not positively associated with HbA(1c). CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThe frequency of contact with the study team is highly correlated with the improvement in HbA(1c) achieved in basal insulin initiation trials in type 2 diabetic patients. This has important implications for trial design and interpretation, as well as for clinical care.
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Registered trials
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