ReviewClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2009
Lung cancer in never smokers: clinical epidemiology and environmental risk factors.
Review in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02611570 (Low Dose Computed Tomography Screening Study in Non-smokers with Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in Taiwan), which is not on this map. Cited by 280 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Low Dose Computed Tomography Screening Study in Non-smokers with Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in Taiwan
Who cites it
280 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Adiposity and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.Nature metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- The association between dietary fiber intake and risk of lung cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Nutrition journal · 2026Pooled it
- Differences in the risk association of TERT rs2736098 (C > T) with lung cancer between Caucasian and Asian populations: A meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Mapping three decades of air pollution-lung cancer research: trends, hotspots, and networks (1990-2025).Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Association of rs401681 (C > T) and rs402710 (C > T) polymorphisms in the CLPTM1L region with risk of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Associations between immune cell phenotypes and lung cancer subtypes: insights from mendelian randomization analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Body mass index and lung cancer risk: Pooled analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies in Japan.Cancer science · 2024Pooled it
- Ethnicity-specific association between TERT rs2736100 (A > C) polymorphism and lung cancer risk: a comprehensive meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Where there are fumes, there may be lung cancer: a systematic review on the association between exposure to cooking fumes and the risk of lung cancer in never-smokers.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2023Pooled it
- Construction and case study of a novel lung cancer risk index.BMC cancer · 2022Pooled it
- Impacts of Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure on the Incidence of Lung Cancer and Mortality.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- Paired Phase II Studies of Erlotinib/Bevacizumab for Advanced Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma or Never Smokers With Advanced Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer: SWOG S0635 and S0636 Trials.Clinical lung cancer · 2018Trial
- Precision greenness exposure is associated with lung cancer risk in medicare beneficiaries.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns among Young Patients with Lung Cancer: Analysis of Mutation-Specific Phenotypes.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Lung Cancer in Never Smokers-An Underappreciated Public Health Burden.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Performance of the AptoDetect™-Lung Biomarker for Lung Cancer in a High-Risk Korean Population: A Multicenter Prospective Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Understanding LUng Cancer risk factors and their Impact Assessment (LUCIA): protocol for multicentre observational cohort study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Industrial point source emissions and incident breast and lung cancers: two case-control studies.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Phytochemical-Based Strategies for Lung Cancer: Clinical Insights Into Pleiotropic Molecular Signaling and Therapeutic Roles.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Review
220 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
More than 161,000 lung cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States in 2008. Of these, an estimated 10 to 15% will be caused by factors other than active smoking, corresponding to 16,000 to 24,000 deaths annually. Thus lung cancer in never smokers would rank among the most common causes of cancer mortality in the United States if considered as a separate category. Slightly more than half of the lung cancers caused by factors other than active smoking occur in never smokers. As summarized in the accompanying article, lung cancers that occur in never smokers differ from those that occur in smokers in their molecular profile and response to targeted therapy. These recent laboratory and clinical observations highlight the importance of defining the genetic and environmental factors responsible for the development of lung cancer in never smokers. This article summarizes available data on the clinical epidemiology of lung cancer in never smokers, and several environmental risk factors that population-based research has implicated in the etiology of these cancers. Primary factors closely tied to lung cancer in never smokers include exposure to known and suspected carcinogens including radon, second-hand tobacco smoke, and other indoor air pollutants. Several other exposures have been implicated. However, a large fraction of lung cancers occurring in never smokers cannot be definitively associated with established environmental risk factors, highlighting the need for additional epidemiologic research in this area.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.