SynthesisAnnals of internal medicine2009
Meta-analysis: retinal vessel caliber and risk for coronary heart disease.
Synthesis in Annals of internal medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Applying Deep Learning in the Prediction of the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases From Retinal Images.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Pooled it
- Retinal vascular caliber and the development of hypertension: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.Journal of hypertension · 2014Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Genetic loci for retinal arteriolar microcirculation.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- An evaluation of the telehealth facilitation of diabetes and cardiovascular care in remote Australian Indigenous communities: - protocol for the telehealth eye and associated medical services network [TEAMSnet] project, a pre-post study design.BMC health services research · 2017Trial
- Validation of the automatic image analyser to assess retinal vessel calibre (ALTAIR): a prospective study protocol.BMJ open · 2014Trial
- Influence of Cardiometabolic Disease on Macular Structural Changes After Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- RetiMap: Automated Retinal Vascular Measures Link Microvascular Structure to Metabolic Health and Predict Cardiovascular Risk.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2026Article
- Retinal vascular phenotyping for early detection of coronary artery disease: quantitative assessment and diagnostic modelling.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Article
- A deep-learning system for the assessment of coronary heart disease risk via scleral photographs.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of Polygenic Scores for Retinal Vessel Calibers.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Disease Diagnosis Using Retinal Vasculature: Insights from Flammer Syndrome and AI.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Phenotypic screening and genetic insights for predicting major vascular-related diseases using retinal imaging.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Coronary artery and retinal vascularization by optical coherence tomography angiography: are eyes the window to the heart?Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Establishing an objective quantitative method for assessing the severity of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Use of artificial intelligence with retinal imaging in screening for diabetes-associated complications: systematic review.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Real-world feasibility, accuracy and acceptability of automated retinal photography and AI-based cardiovascular disease risk assessment in Australian primary care settings: a pragmatic trial.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Integrating electrocardiogram and fundus images for early detection of cardiovascular diseases.Scientific reports · 2025Article
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRetinal vessel caliber may be a novel marker of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. However, the sex-specific effect, magnitude of association, and effect independent of traditional CHD disease risk factors remain unclear. PURPOSE: To determine the association between retinal vessel caliber and risk for CHD. DATA SOURCES: Relevant studies in any language identified through MEDLINE (1950 to June 2009) and EMBASE (1950 to June 2009) databases. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included if they examined a general population, measured retinal vessel caliber from retinal photographs, and documented CHD risk factors and incident CHD events. DATA EXTRACTION: 6 population-based prospective cohort studies provided data for individual participant meta-analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS: Proportional hazards models, adjusted for traditional CHD risk factors, were constructed for retinal vessel caliber and incident CHD in women and men. Among 22,159 participants who were free of CHD and followed for 5 to 14 years, 2219 (10.0%) incident CHD events occurred. Retinal vessel caliber changes (wider venules and narrower arterioles) were each associated with an increased risk for CHD in women (pooled multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.26] per 20-microm increase in venular caliber and 1.17 [CI, 1.07 to 1.28] per 20-microm decrease in arteriolar caliber) but not in men (1.02 [CI, 0.94 to 1.10] per 20-microm increase in venular caliber and 1.02 [CI, 0.95 to 1.10] per 20-microm decrease in arteriolar caliber). Women without hypertension or diabetes had higher hazard ratios. LIMITATION: Error in the measurement of retinal vessel caliber and Framingham variables was not taken into account.
conclusionRetinal vessel caliber changes were independently associated with an increased risk for CHD events in women.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.