ReviewScandinavian journal of immunology2009
How do regulatory T cells work?
Review in Scandinavian journal of immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06427421 (Characterization of Autoreactive Regulatory and Conventional CD4 T Cells in Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes and Control Individuals), which is not on this map. Cited by 293 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Characterization of Autoreactive Regulatory and Conventional CD4 T Cells in Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes and Control Individuals
Who cites it
293 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 637 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hyperprogressive disease in carcinoma induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Pooled it
- The relationship of immune cells with autism spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of Alterations in Regulatory T Cells' Frequency and Suppressive Capacity in Patients with Vitiligo.Journal of immunology research · 2022Pooled it
- Infiltrating T-cell markers in cervical carcinogenesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of cancer · 2021Pooled it
- Dynamics of Spinal Fluid Immune Cell Alterations Following Cladribine Tablet Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Trial
- Yoga maintains Th17/Treg cell homeostasis and reduces the rate of T cell aging in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Exploring cannabidiol effects on inflammatory markers in individuals with cocaine use disorder: a randomized controlled trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Standardized astragalus extract for attenuation of the immunosuppression induced by strenuous physical exercise: randomized controlled trial.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021Trial
- Immune system and angiogenesis-related potential surrogate biomarkers of response to everolimus-based treatment in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: an exploratory study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2020Trial
- Tregs transduced with a Ro60-reactive TCR have increased immunosuppressive functions in Sjögren's disease.iScience · 2026Article
- Automated Computational Flow Cytometry Correlates Decreasing Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio to Improved Survival in NSCLC after Immune Checkpoint Blockade.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Non-Cytopathic Mammalian Orthoreovirus Infection Triggers Innate Immune Responses in Human Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implications for Cell Therapy Quality Control.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing in ovarian cancer: decoding the tumor microenvironment for personalized therapy.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Review
- Linking Targeted Pancreatic Cancer Genes With Metabolic Disorders: A Cross-Species Translational Pathway.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Is a Functional Cure Possible in Autoimmune Diseases? Evidence from Trigger Eradication, Transplantation, and Cellular Therapies.Rheumatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Immunologic Combinations in Multiple Myeloma: Synergistic Stimulation with T cells and NK cells.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Role play of regulatory T cells and resolvins in type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Evaluation ofCurrent protein & peptide science · 2026Article
- Immune Cells in Preeclampsia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Remote loading of an autoantigen in PLGA nanoparticles for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
233 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells are commonly divided into regulatory T (Treg) cells and conventional T helper (Th) cells. Th cells control adaptive immunity against pathogens and cancer by activating other effector immune cells. Treg cells are defined as CD4(+) T cells in charge of suppressing potentially deleterious activities of Th cells. This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge in the Treg field and defines some key questions that remain to be answered. Suggested functions for Treg cells include: prevention of autoimmune diseases by maintaining self-tolerance; suppression of allergy, asthma and pathogen-induced immunopathology; feto-maternal tolerance; and oral tolerance. Identification of Treg cells remains problematic, because accumulating evidence suggests that all the presently-used Treg markers (CD25, CTLA-4, GITR, LAG-3, CD127 and Foxp3) represent general T-cell activation markers, rather than being truly Treg-specific. Treg-cell activation is antigen-specific, which implies that suppressive activities of Treg cells are antigen-dependent. It has been proposed that Treg cells would be self-reactive, but extensive TCR repertoire analysis suggests that self-reactivity may be the exception rather than the rule. The classification of Treg cells as a separate lineage remains controversial because the ability to suppress is not an exclusive Treg property. Suppressive activities attributed to Treg cells may in reality, at least in some experimental settings, be exerted by conventional Th cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, Th17 and T follicular (Tfh) cells. Recent reports have also demonstrated that Foxp3(+) Treg cells may differentiate in vivo into conventional effector Th cells, with or without concomitant downregulation of Foxp3.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.