ArticleNature biotechnology2009
In vivo delivery of siRNA to immune cells by conjugation to a TLR9 agonist enhances antitumor immune responses.
Article in Nature biotechnology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 209 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
209 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 376 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aptamers used for biosensors and targeted therapy.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2020Pooled it
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase II Study of Ruxolitinib or Placebo in Combination With Capecitabine in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer for Whom Therapy With Gemcitabine Has Failed.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2015Trial
- Sex-based considerations in the choice for a TLR9 or TLR7/8 agonist to arm the sentinel lymph node in early-stage melanoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Multiomics identifies a cholesterol-TFEB-PLD3-TLR9 axis driving immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophage polarization in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- METTL3 abrogation promotes glioma progression through regulating the ISG15-FASN axis-mediated lipid metabolism in macrophages.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles for macrophage reprogramming: an emerging paradigm in immunomodulatory therapeutics.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Review
- Myeloid cell-targeted lipid nanoparticles for B cell lymphoma immunotherapy.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- WDR4 drives tumour-associated macrophage reprogramming and tumour progression via selective translation and membrane cholesterol efflux.Nature cell biology · 2025Article
- An Isoform-Specific RUNX1C-BTG2 Axis Governs AML Quiescence and Chemoresistance.Blood cancer discovery · 2025Article
- Neutrophil-specific targeting of STAT3 impairs tumor progression via the expansion of cytotoxic CD8Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Redesigning miR-34a: structural and chemical advances in the therapeutic development of an miRNA anti-cancer agent.Biochemical Society transactions · 2025Article
- JAK2/STAT3 Signaling in Myeloid Cells Contributes to Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance.Cells · 2025Article
- Clinical applications of oligonucleotides for cancer therapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- miR-142 deficit in T cells during blast crisis promotes chronic myeloid leukemia immune escape.Nature communications · 2025Article
- HoxBlinc lncRNA reprograms CTCF-independent TADs to drive leukemic transcription and HSC dysregulation in NUP98-rearranged leukemia.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Local CpG-Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2024Article
- Non-Coding RNA in Tumor Cells and Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells-Function and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Therapeutic efficacy of a novel self-assembled immunostimulatory siRNA combining apoptosis promotion with RIG-I activation in gliomas.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Oligo-PROTAC strategy for cell-selective and targeted degradation of activated STAT3.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2024Article
- Critical and distinct roles of cell type-specific NF-κB2 in lung cancer.JCI insight · 2024Article
149 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Efficient delivery of small interfering (si)RNA to specific cell populations in vivo remains a formidable challenge to its successful therapeutic application. We show that siRNA synthetically linked to a CpG oligonucleotide agonist of toll-like receptor (TLR)9 targets and silences genes in TLR9(+) myeloid cells and B cells, both of which are key components of the tumor microenvironment. When a CpG-conjugated siRNA that targets the immune suppressor gene Stat3 is injected in mice either locally at the tumor site or intravenously, it enters tumor-associated dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells. Silencing of Stat3 leads to activation of tumor-associated immune cells and ultimately to potent antitumor immune responses. Our findings demonstrate the potential of TLR agonist-siRNA conjugates for targeted gene silencing coupled with TLR stimulation and immune activation in the tumor microenvironment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.