ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2009
Diverse enterotoxin gene profiles among clonal complexes of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the Bronx, New York.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive genomic analysis of antibiotic resistance plasmids in animal-associatedMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Phylogenetic analysis ofOpen veterinary journal · 2024Article
- The Enterotoxin Gene Profiles and Enterotoxin Production ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Prevalence and characteristics of foodborne pathogens from slaughtered pig carcasses in Korea.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- The Role ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Molecular epidemiological and pharmaceutical studies of methicillin-resistantAccess microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Investigation of Staphylococcus aureus positive for Staphylococcal enterotoxin S and T genes.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2021Article
- Contribution of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B to Staphylococcus aureus Systemic Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Genome Sequencing of a Historic Staphylococcus aureus Collection Reveals New Enterotoxin Genes and Sheds Light on the Evolution and Genomic Organization of This Key Virulence Gene Family.Journal of bacteriology · 2021Article
- Human Infection of Methicillin-SusceptibleMicroorganisms · 2020Review
- Review
- Modulation of Allergic Sensitization and Allergic Inflammation byFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 and Their Association among Bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis Patients in Egypt.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- Prevalence and Characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Prevalence and Characterization of Food-Related Methicillin-ResistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Pentoxifylline Alone or in Combination with Gentamicin or Vancomycin Inhibits Live Microbe-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Human Cord Blood and Cord Blood MonocytesAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Characterization of enterotoxin A-producingInfection and drug resistance · 2018Article
- A molecular epidemiological study of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptibleInfection and drug resistance · 2018Article
- Prevalence and Characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) can cause toxin-mediated disease, and those that function as superantigens are implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The prevalence of 19 enterotoxin genes was determined by PCR in clinical S. aureus strains derived from wounds (108) and blood (99). We performed spa typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine clonal origin, and for selected strains staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Strains carried a median of five SE genes. For most SE genes, the prevalence rates among methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus isolates, as well as wound- and blood-derived isolates, did not differ. At least one SE gene was detected in all except two S. aureus isolates (>99%). Complete egc clusters were found in only 11% of S. aureus isolates, whereas the combination of sed, sej, and ser was detected in 24% of clinical strains. S. aureus strains exhibited distinct combinations of SE genes, even if their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MLST patterns demonstrated clonality. USA300 strains also showed considerable variability in SE content, although they contained a lower number of SE genes (mean, 3). By contrast, SE content was unchanged in five pairs of serial isolates. SEB production by individual strains varied up to 200-fold, and even up to 15-fold in a pair of serial isolates. In conclusion, our results illustrate the genetic diversity of S. aureus strains with respect to enterotoxin genes and suggest that horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements encoding virulence genes occurs frequently.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.