ArticleJournal of bacteriology2009
Global transcriptional response to spermine, a component of the intramacrophage environment, reveals regulation of Francisella gene expression through insertion sequence elements.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spermidine biosynthesis by hypervirulentJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- The arginase-polyamine signaling axis in immune cells: Implications for immune modulation and host-pathogen interactions.iScience · 2026Review
- Phenotypic and transcriptional characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Persistent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi sub-populations within host interrogated by whole genome sequencing and metagenomics.PloS one · 2023Article
- How Do Transposable Elements Activate Expression of Transcriptionally Silent Antibiotic Resistance Genes?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Frequency, composition and mobility of Escherichia coli-derived transposable elements in holdings of plasmid repositories.Microbial biotechnology · 2022Article
- Arginine Catabolism and Polyamine Biosynthesis Pathway Disparities WithinFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Structural and functional analysis of the Francisella lysine decarboxylase as a key actor in oxidative stress resistance.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Control ofMicroorganisms · 2020Review
- The Sensor Kinase QseC Regulates the Unlinked PmrA Response Regulator and Downstream Gene Expression inJournal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- A predictedVirulence · 2019Article
- Complement C3 as a Prompt for Human Macrophage Death during Infection with Francisella tularensis Strain SCHU S4.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Necroptotic debris including damaged mitochondria elicits sepsis-like syndrome during late-phase tularemia.Cell death discovery · 2017Article
- Glycosylation of a Capsule-Like Complex (CLC) byFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Zinc-Induced Transposition of Insertion Sequence Elements Contributes to Increased Adaptability of Cupriavidus metallidurans.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Comparative Transcriptional Analyses of Francisella tularensis and Francisella novicida.PloS one · 2016Article
- Global gene expression by Bacillus anthracis during growth in mammalian blood.Pathogens and disease · 2015Article
- Expression of three topologically distinct membrane proteins elicits unique stress response pathways in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Physiological genomics · 2015Article
- Effects of norspermidine and spermidine on biofilm formation by potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica wild-type strains.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
- Role of NK cells in host defense against pulmonary type A Francisella tularensis infection.Microbes and infection · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tularemia is caused by the category A biodefense agent Francisella tularensis. This bacterium is associated with diverse environments and a plethora of arthropod and mammalian hosts. How F. tularensis adapts to these different conditions, particularly the eukaryotic intracellular environment in which it replicates, is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the polyamines spermine and spermidine are environmental signals that alter bacterial stimulation of host cells. Genomewide analysis showed that F. tularensis LVS undergoes considerable changes in gene expression in response to spermine. Unexpectedly, analysis of gene expression showed that multiple members of two classes of Francisella insertion sequence (IS) elements, ISFtu1 and ISFtu2, and the genes adjacent to these elements were induced by spermine. Spermine was sufficient to activate transcription of these IS elements and of nearby genes in broth culture and in macrophages. Importantly, the virulent strain of F. tularensis, Schu S4, exhibited similar phenotypes of cytokine induction and gene regulation in response to spermine. Distinctions in gene expression changes between Schu S4 and LVS at one orthologous locus, however, correlated with differences in IS element location. Our results indicate that spermine and spermidine are novel triggers to alert F. tularensis of its eukaryotic host environment. The results reported here also identify an unexpected mechanism of gene regulation controlled by a spermine-responsive promoter contained within IS elements. Different arrangements of these mobile genetic elements among Francisella strains may contribute to virulence by conveying new expression patterns for genes from different strains.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.