ArticleOral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics2009
Oral microbial and respiratory status of persons with mental retardation/intellectual and developmental disability: an observational cohort study.
Article in Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Primary care of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: 2018 Canadian consensus guidelines.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2018Guideline
- Telehealth Parenting Program and Salivary Epigenetic Biomarkers in Preschool Children With Developmental Delay: NIMHD Social Epigenomics Program.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Oral microbiome-based evaluation of periodontal treatment responses in individuals with special health care needs: a longitudinal study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Oral Health and Pneumonia in Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Article
- Predictors of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization in group homes for individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities.Disability and health journal · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Oral Cavity DNA Extraction Methods on Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Article
- Emphasizing the health benefits of vitamin D for those with neurodevelopmental disorders and intellectual disabilities.Nutrients · 2015Review
- Dental and microbiological risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia in non-ventilated older patients.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of select microorganisms in oral biofilms and to investigate relationships between oral and respiratory status in persons with mental retardation/intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). STUDY
designWe conducted a 6-month-long observational cohort study with 63 persons with IDD. Oral examinations, oral sampling, and medical record reviews were performed at baseline and then monthly. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze all baseline oral samples for the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevotella melaninogenica, and Candida albicans. PCR analyses were also performed on participants' samples collected in the month before being diagnosed with a respiratory infection.
resultsAll subjects had P. melaninogenica detected by PCR in their oral samples. Fifty-five percent (35 of 63) of participants had S. pneumoniae, MRSA, and C. albicans in their oral samples at baseline. No dental decay was detected clinically, oral hygiene was fair, and dysphagia was common. During the 6 months of the study, there were 22 respiratory infections (35% of participants)-12 pneumonias, 7 sinusitis, 1 bronchitis, and 1 upper respiratory tract infection. Participants with microorganisms in their baseline samples were significantly more likely to develop any respiratory infection and those who had poor oral status were significantly more likely to develop pneumonia. Almost 60% of participants who developed respiratory infections had the same microorganism detected in the sample collected in the month before infection as had been detected in their baseline sample.
conclusionPotentially pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity and poor oral status significantly increased the risk of developing respiratory infections, including pneumonia, in persons with IDD. The results suggest that colonization with these microorganisms may persist despite routine tooth brushing. Meticulous comprehensive oral hygiene of the oral cavity may be needed to reduce oropharyngeal microbial load.
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Registered trials
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