ArticleImmunology2009
Peptidoglycan from lactobacilli inhibits interleukin-12 production by macrophages induced by Lactobacillus casei through Toll-like receptor 2-dependent and independent mechanisms.
Article in Immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Fermentation-Dependent Cell Wall-Associated Immunostimulation in a Red Pepper-BasedFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Overview of the immunomodulatory role of bacterial probiotic-derived peptidoglycan: from molecular insights to therapeutic application.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lysates Isolated from Fermented Palm Sap.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Para-probiotics as Novel Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Insight into Health Benefits and Therapeutic Applications.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Exploring the interplay between dietary plant glycolipids and gut microbiota: A systematic review.Gut microbes reports · 2026Review
- Identification of immunomodulating properties of postbiotics from lactobacilli using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Lactobacilli-Derived Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) in Host Immune Modulation.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Therapeutic potential of heat-killed Lactobacillus reuteri against bile acid-induced male reproductive toxicity.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Probiotics in IBD: Evidence and Perspectives on Patient Health and Disease Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Postbiotics: A Promising Approach to Combat Age-Related Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Lactobacilli-based postbiotic differentially affects chicken macrophage-like HD11 cells depending on stimulatory lipopolysaccharide dosage.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Through thick and thin: The vaginal microbiome as both occupant and healer.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- The Impacts ofFood science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Postbiotics as Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer Care.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Postbiotics as Metabolites and Their Biotherapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Interactions of Gram-Positive Bacterial Membrane Vesicles and Hosts: Updates and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Characteristics ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Postbiotics: Functional Food Materials and Therapeutic Agents for Cancer, Diabetes, and Inflammatory Diseases.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We previously showed that Lactobacillus strains having a rigid cell wall resistant to intracellular digestion can stimulate macrophages to induce large a quantity of interleukin-12 (IL-12). In this study, we examined the influence of lactobacilli and bacterial cell wall components on IL-12 production by macrophages that was induced by Lactobacillus casei, which has a rigid cell wall. Easily digestible lactobacilli such as Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus plantarum or their intact cell walls (ICWs) weakly or very weakly induced IL-12 production by macrophages, and inhibitedL. casei-induced IL-12 production. While the ICW of L. casei was resistant to intracellular digestion and did not inhibit L. casei-induced IL-12 production, its polysaccharide-depleted ICW, i.e. intact peptidoglycan, was sensitive to intracellular digestion and inhibited L. casei-induced IL-12 production. Furthermore, the peptidoglycans of L. johnsonii, L. plantarum and Staphylococcus aureus also inhibited L. casei-induced IL-12 production. Peptidoglycans from lactobacilli suppressed L. casei-induced expression of IL-12p40 but not IL-12p35 mRNA. Inhibition of IL-12 production by peptidoglycan was mitigated in Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-deficient macrophages compared with the inhibition in wild-type macrophages. A derivative of the minimal structural unit of peptidoglycan (6-O-stearoyl-muramyl dipeptide) recognized by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) could also suppress L. casei-induced IL-12 production. These findings demonstrate that easily digestible bacteria and peptidoglycan suppress IL-12 production through pattern recognition receptors such as TLR2 and NOD2. IL-12 production in the gut may be negatively regulated by the simultaneous inhibitory actions of various resident bacteria that are susceptible to intracellular digestion.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.