ArticleNeurology2009
Neurologic abnormalities in HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected individuals without overt myelopathy.
Article in Neurology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Observational
- Expanding the neurological spectrum of HTLV-1 beyond HAM/TSP: a contemporary perspective.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Review
- Clinical and Public Health Implications of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- Anti-Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Antibody Assays in Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Diagnosis of HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2021Article
- Prognosis Markers for Monitoring HTLV-1 Neurologic Disease.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2021Article
- Neurologic, clinical, and immunologic features in a cohort of HTLV-1 carriers with high proviral loads.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Article
- First Description of Seronegative HTLV-1 Carriers in Argentina.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Detection of clinical and neurological signs in apparently asymptomatic HTLV-1 infected carriers: Association with high proviral load.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Incomplete myelopathy and human T cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1).Journal of neurovirology · 2019Article
- HTLV-1: A real pathogen or a runaway guest of a diseased cell?Journal of biosciences · 2018Review
- Article
- Telomere Length, Proviral Load and Neurologic Impairment in HTLV-1 and HTLV-2-Infected Subjects.Viruses · 2016Article
- HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1 (HTLV-1) AND HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 2 (HTLV-2): GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH TRENDS AND COLLABORATION NETWORKS (1989-2012).Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2016Article
- Relevance of retrovirus quantification in cerebrospinal fluid for neurologic diagnosis.Journal of biomedical science · 2015Article
- Neurological Manifestations in Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1)-Infected Individuals Without HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2015Article
- Human T-lymphotropic virus type 2 subtype b in a patient with chronic neurological disorder.Journal of neurovirology · 2014Article
- Clonality of HTLV-2 in natural infection.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Soluble IL-2 receptor and beta-2 microglobulin as possible serologic markers of neurologic disease in HTLV-1 infection.Journal of medical virology · 2014Article
- Neurological symptoms and signs in HTLV-1 patients with overactive bladder syndrome.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2012Article
- Pathways of cell-cell transmission of HTLV-1.Frontiers in microbiology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I is the causative agent of HTLV-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis, and a number of HAM cases with HTLV-II infection have also been reported. However, despite some reports, it is unclear whether HTLV-I or -II infection is associated with other neurologic manifestations.
methodsAn analysis of medical histories and screening neurologic examinations from a prospective cohort of 153 HTLV-I, 388 HTLV-II, and 810 HTLV-seronegative individuals followed up for means of 11.5, 12.0, and 12.2 years was performed. Participants diagnosed with HAM were excluded. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for age, sex, race or ethnicity, income, educational attainment, body mass index, alcohol and cigarette consumption, injection drug use, diabetes, and hepatitis C virus status, using generalized estimating equations for repeated measures.
resultsHTLV-I and -II participants were more likely than seronegative participants to have leg weakness (ORs 1.67 [95% CI 1.28-2.18] and 1.44 [1.16-1.78]), impaired tandem gait (ORs 1.25 [95% CI 1.07-1.47] and 1.45 [1.27-1.64]), Babinski sign (ORs 1.54 [95% CI 1.13-2.08] and 1.51 [1.18-1.93]), impaired vibration sense (ORs 1.16 [95% CI 1.01-1.33] and 1.27 [1.14-1.42]), and urinary incontinence (ORs 1.45 [95% CI 1.23-1.72] and 1.70 [1.50-1.93]). For both HTLV-I and -II participants, higher odds of sensory neuropathy by monofilament examination were no longer significant after adjustment for confounding.
conclusionsThese results provide strong evidence that human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I and -II are associated with a spectrum of predominantly motor abnormalities in patients without overt HTLV-associated myelopathy. Further investigation of the clinical course and etiology of these abnormalities is warranted.
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Registered trials
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