ArticleCancer research2009
Tumor vaccines expressing flt3 ligand synergize with ctla-4 blockade to reject preimplanted tumors.
Article in Cancer research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy of durvalumab in combination with folate receptor alpha vaccine TPIV200 in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: a phase II trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Trial
- Robust Antitumor Responses Result from Local Chemotherapy and CTLA-4 Blockade.Cancer immunology research · 2018Trial
- In vivo engineering tumor cells to a universal "all-in-one" cancer vaccine with full antigen spectrum.Science advances · 2026Article
- IL2/IL15 Signaling Induces NK Cell Production of FLT3LG, Augmenting Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- A bioactive soluble recombinant mouse LIGHT promotes effective tumor immune cell infiltration delaying tumor growth.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fates and the Cellular Hierarchy of Mammalian Hematopoiesis: from Transplantation Models to New Insights from in Situ Analyses.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Review
- Antigen presenting cells in cancer immunity and mediation of immune checkpoint blockade.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024Review
- Flt3 agonist enhances immunogenicity of arenavirus vector-based simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine in macaques.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity and effectiveness of an mRNA therapeutic vaccine for HPV-related malignancies.Life science alliance · 2024Article
- Identification of Nonfunctional Alternatively Spliced Isoforms of STING in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- Cytokine-armed dendritic cell progenitors for antigen-agnostic cancer immunotherapy.Nature cancer · 2024Article
- Engineering Challenges and Opportunities in Autologous Cellular Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Review
- FLT3L-dependent dendritic cells control tumor immunity by modulating Treg and NK cell homeostasis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibition combined with targeted therapy using a novel virus-like drug conjugate induces complete responses in a murine model of local and distant tumors.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- Tumor cell-derived spermidine is an oncometabolite that suppresses TCR clustering for intratumoral CD8Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- OncoVEXJournal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2023Article
- Fueling Cancer Vaccines to Improve T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Leveraging the Treg-intrinsic CTLA4-PKCη signaling pathway for cancer immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The transformation of a healthy cell into a malignant neoplasm involves numerous genetic mutations and aberrations in gene expression. As few of these changes are shared between individuals or types of cancer, the best source for eliciting broad-spectrum tumor immunity remains each patient's own tumor. Previously, we have shown that combining blockade of the T-cell-negative costimulatory molecule CTL-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and vaccination with irradiated B16 tumor expressing granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; Gvax) promotes rejection of established murine melanomas. Here we show that, like GM-CSF, the cytokine Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) expressed in B16 and coupled with CTLA-4 blockade promotes both prophylactic and therapeutic rejection of B16. When administered at the site of growing tumor, Gvax fails to prevent tumor outgrowth in any mice, whereas the B16-Flt3L vaccine (Fl3vax) induces the rejection of 75% of melanomas implanted 3 days before vaccination. Relative to Gvax, Fl3vax promotes greater infiltration of both the vaccine site and the tumor site by CD8+ T cells and "sentinel" and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Gvax and Fl3vax did not synergize when used in combination in treating B16 melanoma even in the context of CD25+ regulatory T-cell depletion. Further, we show that a combination of Flt3L expression and CTLA-4 blockade can also promote the rejection of established TRAMP prostate adenocarcinomas, proving that the utility of this treatment extends beyond melanoma. Engineering Flt3L to be constitutively secreted and attaching an IgG2a tail yielded a B16 vaccine that, when combined with CTLA-4 blockade, prevented the outgrowth of significantly more 5-day implanted B16-BL6 tumors than did Gvax.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.