ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2009
Increased immunoglobulin A in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: exploring the response of B cells to Toll-like receptor 9 activation.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunological mechanisms and emerging therapeutic targets in alcohol-associated liver disease.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Inflammation remains a dynamic component of portal hypertension in regressive alcohol-related cirrhosis.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Observational
- Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis Due to IgA Nephropathy in a Patient With a Large Renal Mass.Cureus · 2024Article
- Review
- Dysregulated biomarkers of innate and adaptive immunity predict infections and disease progression in cirrhosis.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2023Article
- New insights in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver disease: The metabolic, immunologic, and neurologic pathwaysLiver research (Beijing, China) · 2023Review
- Efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in IgA nephropathy associated with alcoholic liver cirrhosis accompanied by nephrotic syndrome: a case report.Frontiers in nephrology · 2023Article
- Liver cirrhosis and immune dysfunction.International immunology · 2022Review
- Molecular Changes in Relation to Alcohol Consumption and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- The Role of B Cells in Adult and Paediatric Liver Injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Autoimmune hepatitis in a patient with immunoglobulin A nephropathy: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2020Article
- Conditions associated with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia in the IgG4-related disease era: a retrospective study from a hematology tertiary care center.Haematologica · 2020Article
- Recent Insights Into the Role of Immune Cells in Alcoholic Liver Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Secondary IgA nephropathy.Kidney international · 2018Review
- Enhanced B-cell differentiation driven by advanced cirrhosis resulting in hyperglobulinemia.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2018Article
- Targeting the gut barrier for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2017Article
- Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disturbances in End-Stage Liver Disease: A Physiopathological Approach.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2017Review
- Immune Dysfunction in Cirrhosis.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2017Review
- Hepatic Immune Microenvironment in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Liver Disease.BioMed research international · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is characterized by increased circulating levels of immunoglobulins (Igs). ALC patients undergo bacterial translocation evidenced by the presence of bacterial DNA in peripheral blood. Bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) DNA are ligands of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, TLR-2 and TLR-9, respectively. Although TLR activation results generally in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, activation of B cells through TLR-7 or TLR-9 is involved in their maturation and Ig synthesis. The aim of the present study was to assess Ig synthesis by ALC B cells under PAMP activation in order to evaluate the possible involvement of TLR pathways in the increased Ig levels, and especially the hyper-IgA observed in ALC. CpG, in combination with interleukin (IL)-10 or IL-21, enhanced IgA, IgG and IgM synthesis by healthy donor (HD) PBMCs, but had only a weak effect on ALC PBMCs. Relative CpG-induced IgA production by purified ALC B cells was less important when compared to HD B cells, in accordance with the lower TLR-9 expression on ALC B cells compared to HD B cells, but the absolute IgA production by CpG-activated B cells was enhanced significantly for ALC when compared to HD, in agreement with their intrinsic ability to produce spontaneously more IgA than HD. LPS and PGN had no direct activity on B cells, whereas R848 also enhanced Ig synthesis, as reported recently. Taken together, these results suggest that TLR priming of B cells could account for the hyperimmunoglobulinaemia observed in ALC patients.
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