ArticleJournal of the Royal Society of Medicine2009
Pay for perfomance and the quality of diabetes management in individuals with and without co-morbid medical conditions.
Article in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of UK Quality and Outcomes Framework pay-for-performance programme on quality of primary care: systematic review with quantitative synthesis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Pooled it
- The evidence gap on gendered impacts of performance-based financing among family physicians for chronic disease care: a systematic review reanalysis in contexts of single-payer universal coverage.Human resources for health · 2020Pooled it
- Design and effects of outcome-based payment models in healthcare: a systematic review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2019Pooled it
- The role of the Quality and Outcomes Framework in the care of long-term conditions: a systematic review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2017Pooled it
- Effectiveness of UK provider financial incentives on quality of care: a systematic review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2017Pooled it
- The impact of reimbursement systems on equity in access and quality of primary care: A systematic literature review.BMC health services research · 2016Pooled it
- The equity dimension in evaluations of the quality and outcomes framework: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2011Pooled it
- Confidence and quality in managing CKD compared with other cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus: a linked study of questionnaire and routine primary care data.BMC family practice · 2011Trial
- Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Summit Recommendations on Implementation of Diabetes Management in CKD: From Primary to Data-Driven Collaborative Care.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Associations between attainment of incentivised primary care indicators and emergency hospital admissions among type 2 diabetes patients: a population-based historical cohort study.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2021Article
- The impact of concordant and discordant comorbidities on patient-assessed quality of diabetes care.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2015Article
- Provider and patient directed financial incentives to improve care and outcomes for patients with diabetes.Current diabetes reports · 2013Article
- Pay-for-performance: impact on diabetes.Current diabetes reports · 2013Article
- Comparative performance of comorbidity indices in predicting health care-related behaviors and outcomes among Medicaid enrollees with type 2 diabetes.Population health management · 2012Article
- Nationwide study on trends in hospital admissions for major cardiovascular events and procedures among people with and without diabetes in England, 2004-2009.Diabetes care · 2012 · on this mapArticle
- Use of outcomes in monitoring healthcare - how many outcome measures are needed in monitoring diabetes in primary care?Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2011Article
- Association of practice size and pay-for-performance incentives with the quality of diabetes management in primary care.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2011Article
- Cardiovascular multimorbidity: the effect of ethnicity on prevalence and risk factor management.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2011Article
- Ethnic differences in diabetes management in patients with and without comorbid medical conditions: a cross-sectional study.Diabetes care · 2011Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the impact of the Quality and Outcomes Framework, a major pay-for-performance incentive introduced in the UK during 2004, on diabetes management in patients with and without co-morbidity.
designCohort study comparing actual achievement of treatment targets in 2004 and 2005 with that predicted by the underlying (pre-intervention) trend in diabetes patients with and without co-morbid conditions.
settingA total of 422 general practices participating in the General Practice Research Database. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Achievement of diabetes treatment targets for blood pressure (< 140/80 mm Hg), HbA1c (<or= 7.0%) and cholesterol (<or= 5 mmol/L).
resultsThe percentage of diabetes patients with co-morbidity reaching blood pressure and cholesterol targets exceeded that predicted by the underlying trend during the first two years of pay for perfomance (by 3.1% [95% CI 1.1-5.1] for BP and 4.1% [95% CI 2.2-6.0] for cholesterol among patients with >or= 5 co-morbidities in 2005). Similar improvements were evident in patients without co-morbidity, except for cholesterol control in 2004 (-0.2% [95% CI -1.7-1.4]). The percentage of patients meeting the HbA1c target in the first two years of this program was significantly lower than predicted by the underlying trend in all patients, with the greatest shortfall in patients without co-morbidity (3.8% [95% CI 2.6-5.0] lower in 2005). Patients with co-morbidity remained significantly more likely to meet treatment targets for cholesterol and HbA1c than those without after the introduction of pay for perfomance.
conclusionsDiabetes patients with co-morbid conditions appear to have benefited more from this pay-for-performance program than those without co-morbidity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.