Trial reportHaematologica2009
Lenalidomide-induced upregulation of CD80 on tumor cells correlates with T-cell activation, the rapid onset of a cytokine release syndrome and leukemic cell clearance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Trial report in Haematologica, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Warehouse-based, immunopeptidome-guided design of personalised peptide vaccines shows feasibility in clinical trial evaluation in CLL patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Activation of Th1 Immunity within the Tumor Microenvironment Is Associated with Clinical Response to Lenalidomide in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Trial
- Bendamustine + rituximab chemoimmunotherapy and maintenance lenalidomide in relapsed, refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma: A Wisconsin Oncology Network Study.British journal of haematology · 2016Trial
- Phase II study of lenalidomide and rituximab as salvage therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2013Trial
- A prospective clinical trial of lenalidomide with topotecan in women with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma.International journal of clinical oncology · 2011Trial
- Inflammation, TNFα and endothelial dysfunction link lenalidomide to venous thrombosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.American journal of hematology · 2011Trial
- Trial
- Single-agent lenalidomide in the treatment of previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2011Trial
- Use of alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment to stimulate immune infiltration into head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Human immunology · 2010Trial
- Review
- Topical transdermal administration of lenalidomide nanosuspensions-based hydrogels against melanoma: In vitro and in vivo studies.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Article
- Phenomenon of tumor flare with talquetamab in a patient with extramedullary myeloma.Haematologica · 2024Article
- Article
- Tislelizumab-induced cytokine release syndrome: the first case report and review of the literature.Immunotherapy · 2024Review
- Repurposing of thalidomide and its derivatives for the treatment of SARS-coV-2 infections: Hints on molecular action.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
- Immunomodulatory Drugs for the Treatment of B Cell Malignancies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Can Immunocompetence Be Restored in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?Hematology/oncology clinics of North America · 2021Review
- Pomalidomide restores immune recognition of primary effusion lymphoma through upregulation of ICAM-1 and B7-2.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Severe COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Cytokine and Chemokine Signals of T-Cell Exclusion in Tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn chronic lymphocytic leukemia lenalidomide causes striking immune activation, possibly leading to clearance of tumor cells. We conducted this study to investigate the mechanism of action of lenalidomide and the basis for its unique toxicities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. DESIGN AND
methodsPatients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia were treated with lenalidomide 20 mg (n=10) or 10 mg (n=8) daily for 3 weeks on a 6-week cycle. Correlative studies assessed expression of co-stimulatory molecules on tumor cells, T-cell activation, cytokine levels, and changes in lymphocyte subsets.
resultsLenalidomide upregulated the co-stimulatory molecule CD80 on chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma cells but not on normal peripheral blood B cells in vitro. T-cell activation was apparent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, weak in mantle cell lymphoma, but absent in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and correlated with the upregulation of CD80 on B cells. Strong CD80 upregulation and T-cell activation predicted more severe side effects, manifesting in 83% of patients as a cytokine release syndrome within 8-72 h after the first dose of lenalidomide. Serum levels of various cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, increased during treatment. CD80 upregulation on tumor cells correlated with rapid clearance of leukemic cells from the peripheral blood. In contrast, neither the severity of the cytokine release syndrome nor the degree of T-cell activation in vitro correlated with clinical response.
conclusionsUpregulation of CD80 on tumor cells and T-cell activation correlate with unique toxicities of lenalidomide in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, T-cell activation appears to be dispensable for the drug's anti-tumor effects. This provides a rationale for combinations of lenalidomide with fludarabine or alemtuzumab.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.