ReviewInternational journal of clinical practice2009
C-reactive protein as a predictor of disease in smokers and former smokers: a review.
Review in International journal of clinical practice, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Peripheral blood levels of C-reactive protein in posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Markers of systemic inflammation and colorectal adenoma risk: Meta-analysis of observational studies.World journal of gastroenterology · 2017Pooled it
- Oral supplementation with crocin (a constituent of saffron) in subjects with cigarette smoking: a clinical trial.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Trial
- Switching from usual brand cigarettes to a tobacco-heating cigarette or snus: Part 3. Biomarkers of biological effect.Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals · 2015Trial
- High-sensitivity CRP is an independent risk factor for all fractures and vertebral fractures in elderly men: the MrOS Sweden study.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2014Trial
- C-Reactive Protein Serum Values in Idiopathic and Autoimmune Subglottic Stenosis.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Race differences in the effect of obesity on inflammation among Black and White older adults who quit smoking: a longitudinal analysis of the Health and Retirement study.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2026Article
- Association of hs-CRP/HDL, AIP and NHHR with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional NHANES study.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluation of lipid profile and high sensitive C reactive protein levels among cigarette smokers in East Gojjam, Ethiopia.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- C-reactive protien levels among Indian patients with acute ischemic stroke.Bioinformation · 2024Article
- A wireless patch for the monitoring of C-reactive protein in sweat.Nature biomedical engineering · 2023Article
- Molecular Imaging of Pulmonary Inflammation in Users of Electronic and Combustible Cigarettes: A Pilot Study.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2023Article
- Investigating the relationship between early life adversity, inflammation and alcohol use.Addiction biology · 2023Article
- A prospective hospital-based study on C-reactive protein as a response predictor of antidepressant treatment in drug naïve patients with major depressive disorder.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Association between C-Reactive Protein Levels and Functional Disability in the General Older-Population: The Takashima Study.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2023Article
- Cardiac function, myocardial fat deposition, and lipid profile in young smokers: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Applying Mendelian randomization to appraise causality in relationships between smoking, depression and inflammation.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The role of smoking history in longitudinal changes in C-reactive protein between Black and White older adults in the US.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCigarette smoking is a classical and a major risk factor in the development of several diseases with an inflammatory component, including cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Improvements in assays for protein markers of inflammation have led to many studies on these factors and their roles in disease.
aimsC-reactive protein (CRP) is one such marker and this review focuses on the evidence for using CRP as a diagnostic marker and how levels of this protein are modified according to the smoking status of the patient, both in terms of the current amount of cigarettes smoked and how CRP levels change following smoking cessation.
conclusionsAssay of CRP levels may be useful in monitoring disease progression and determining risk of future cardiovascular complications. However, as this marker is also an indicator of acute inflammation and challenges to the immune system, some caution must be exercised in interpreting the available data on CRP levels in patients with different chronic comorbidities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.