ArticleAIDS (London, England)2009
The use of pooled viral load testing to identify antiretroviral treatment failure.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Improved HIV-1 Viral Load Monitoring Capacity Using Pooled Testing With Marker-Assisted Deconvolution.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Pooled it
- Implementation of pooled testing to increase access to routine viral load monitoring for people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Implementation of large-scale pooled testing to increase rapid molecular diagnostic test coverage for tuberculosis: a retrospective evaluation.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Successes and Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Testing in the United States.Clinics in laboratory medicine · 2022Review
- Prediction-driven pooled testing methods: Application to HIV treatment monitoring in Rakai, Uganda.Statistics in medicine · 2021Article
- Can't Work From Home: Pooled Nucleic Acid Testing of Laboratory Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Improvement of Sensitivity of Pooling Strategies for COVID-19.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2021Article
- Pooled testing: A tool to increase efficiency of infant HIV diagnosis and virological monitoring.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2020Review
- Rates of HIV-1 virological suppression and patterns of acquired drug resistance among fisherfolk on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2019Article
- Predicting resistance as indicator for need to switch from first-line antiretroviral therapy among patients with elevated viral loads: development of a risk score algorithm.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Estimating the prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance using pooled samples.Statistical methods in medical research · 2016Article
- Pooled Nucleic Acid Testing to Detect Antiretroviral Treatment Failure in HIV-Infected Patients in Mozambique.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- Optimal retesting configurations for hierarchical group testing.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics · 2015Article
- Developments in CD4 and viral load monitoring in resource-limited settings.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2014Review
- Pooled nucleic acid testing to identify antiretroviral treatment failure during HIV infection in Seoul, South Korea.Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Pooled HIV-1 viral load testing using dried blood spots to reduce the cost of monitoring antiretroviral treatment in a resource-limited setting.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Article
- Pooled HIV-1 RNA viral load testing for detection of antiretroviral treatment failure in Kenyan children.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Article
- Simulation of pooled nucleic acid testing to identify antiretroviral treatment failure during HIV infection in Seoul, South Korea.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Article
- Challenges and opportunities for the implementation of virological testing in resource-limited settings.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2012Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo develop less costly methods to virologically monitor patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, we evaluated methods that use pooled blood samples and quantitative information available from viral load assays to monitor a cohort of patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy for virologic failure.
methodsWe evaluated 150 blood samples collected after 6 months of therapy from participants enrolled in a San Diego primary infection program between January 1998 and January 2007. Samples were screened for virologic failure with individual viral load testing, 10 x 10 matrix pools and minipools of five samples. For the pooled platforms (matrix and minipools), we used a search and retest algorithm based on the quantitative viral load data to resolve samples that remained ambiguous for virologic failure. Viral load thresholds were more than 500 and more than 1500 copies/ml for the matrix and more than 250 and more than 500 copies/ml for the minipool. Efficiency, accuracy and result turnaround times were evaluated.
resultsTwenty-three percent of cohort samples were detectable at more than 50 HIV RNA copies/ml. At an algorithm threshold of more than 500 HIV RNA copies/ml, both minipool and matrix methods used less than half the number of viral load assays to screen the cohort, compared with testing samples individually. Both pooling platforms had negative predictive values of 100% for viral loads of more than 500 HIV RNA copies/ml and at least 94% for viral loads of more than 250 HIV RNA copies/ml.
conclusionIn this cohort, both pooling methods improved the efficiency of virologic monitoring over individual testing with a minimal decrease in accuracy. These methods may allow for the induction and sustainability of the virologic monitoring of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings.
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