ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2009
Identification of respiratory viruses in adults: nasopharyngeal versus oropharyngeal sampling.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Underascertainment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Adults Due to Diagnostic Testing Limitations: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of detection rate of 16 sampling methods for respiratory viruses: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of clinical data and systematic review.BMJ global health · 2020Pooled it
- The Etiological Role of Common Respiratory Viruses in Acute Respiratory Infections in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Comparison of Respiratory Specimen Collection Methods for Detection of Influenza Virus Infection by Reverse Transcription-PCR: a Literature Review.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2019Pooled it
- Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Guideline
- Study of Healthcare Personnel with Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses in Israel (SHIRI): study protocol.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- CRISPR/Cas12a2-Mediated Ultrasensitive Assay for Rapid Detection of H1N1 Influenza Virus RNA.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of single and co-infections with upper respiratory tract pathogens among children in eastern China: a retrospective study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Combined nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal sampling improves pathogen detection in community-acquired pneumonia.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- PCR sensitivity forJournal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- [Diagnostic value of targeted next-generation sequencing for community-acquired respiratory virus infections in patients with hematological diseases].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2025Article
- Standardization of Microsampling Technologies for Accurate Sensing and Reliable Diagnostics.ACS sensors · 2025Review
- Diagnosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Due to Influenza or Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Evaluation of RT-PCR Sensitivity in Nasopharyngeal, Saliva, and Sputum Samples.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Primary human nasal, nasopharyngeal, and bronchial epithelia show distinct immune responses to various pathogens.Pathogens and disease · 2025Article
- The Impact of Palivizumab for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis on Preschool Childhood Asthma.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Performance evaluation of influenza a rapid antigen test and PCR among nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples.Practical laboratory medicine · 2024Article
- SalivaDirect: an alternative to a conventional RNA extraction protocol for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a clinical setting.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Comparison of "hock-a-loogie" saliva versus nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for detecting common respiratory pathogens.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Prepandemic viral community-acquired pneumonia: Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of nasopharyngeal swabs and performance of clinical severity scores.Journal of medical virology · 2023Observational
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The optimal method for identifying respiratory viruses in adults has not been established. The objective of the study was to compare the sensitivities of three sampling methods for this purpose. One thousand participants (mean age, 63.1 +/- 17.8 years) were included. Of these, 550 were patients hospitalized for acute febrile lower respiratory tract infections and 450 were controls. Oropharyngeal swabs (OPS), nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), and nasopharyngeal washings (NPW) were obtained from each participant and were tested for 12 respiratory viruses by a multiplex hydrolysis probes-based quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Patients were defined as positive for a specific virus if the virus was identified by at least one sampling method. In all, 251 viruses were identified in 244 participants. For the detection of any virus, the sensitivity rates for OPS, NPS, and NPW were 54.2%, 73.3%, and 84.9%, respectively (for OPS versus NPS and NPW, P < 0.00001; for NPS versus NPW, P < 0.003). Maximal sensitivity was obtained only with sampling by all three methods. The same gradation of sensitivity for the three sampling methods was found when influenza viruses, coronaviruses, and rhinoviruses were analyzed separately. The three sampling methods yielded equal sensitivity rates for respiratory syncytial virus. We conclude that nasopharyngeal sampling has a higher rate of sensitivity than oropharyngeal sampling and that the use of NPW has a higher rate of sensitivity than the use of NPS with a rigid cotton swab for the identification of respiratory viruses in adults. Sampling by all three methods is required for the maximal detection of respiratory viruses.
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