ArticleThe Korean journal of parasitology2009
Proinflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide production by human macrophages stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis.
Article in The Korean journal of parasitology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulatory Effects of the Antimicrobial Peptide KR-20: Implications for Trichomoniasis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Biology, Host and Microbe Interactions of the Human Sexually Transmitted ParasiteInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of microparticles released during murine systemic inflammation on macrophage activity and reactive nitrogen species regulation.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Infinity war:Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2023Review
- Immune cell arrival kinetics to peritoneum and role during murine-experimental trichomoniasis.Parasitology · 2021Article
- Heterogeneous macrophages: Supersensors of exogenous inducing factors.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2019Review
- Immune Response of BALB/c Mice toward Putative Calcium Transporter Recombinant Protein of Trichomonas vaginalis.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2019Article
- Immunopathology of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Infections: New Aspects and Research Directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Trichomonas vaginalis Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Human Macrophages.Journal of innate immunity · 2019Article
- Trichomonas vaginalis triggers the release of THP-1 extracellular traps.Parasitology research · 2019Article
- Article
- Adenosine reduces reactive oxygen species and interleukin-8 production by Trichomonas vaginalis-stimulated neutrophils.Purinergic signalling · 2017Article
- Trichomonas vaginalis α-Actinin 2 Modulates Host Immune Responses by Inducing Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells via IL-10 Production from Regulatory T Cells.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2017Article
- SNAP23-Dependent Surface Translocation of Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) Receptor 1 Is Essential for NOX2-Mediated Exocytotic Degranulation in Human Mast Cells Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-Secreted LTB4.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Trichomoniasis immunity and the involvement of the purinergic signaling.Biomedical journal · 2016Review
- Symbiotic Association with Mycoplasma hominis Can Influence Growth Rate, ATP Production, Cytolysis and Inflammatory Response of Trichomonas vaginalis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Involvement of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Pathways for TNF-α Production in SiHa Cervical Mucosal Epithelial Cells Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2015Article
- Modulation of dendritic cell function by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products.BMB reports · 2015Article
- Article
- Analysis of the Oxidative Stress Status in Nonspecific Vaginitis and Its Role in Vaginal Epithelial Cells Apoptosis.BioMed research international · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis commonly causes vaginitis and perhaps cervicitis in women and urethritis in men and women. Macrophages are important immune cells in response to T. vaginalis infection. In this study, we investigated whether human macrophages could be involved in inflammation induced by T. vaginalis. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) were co-cultured with T. vaginalis. Live, opsonized-live trichomonads, and T. vaginalis lysates increased proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 by HMDM. The involvement of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling pathway in cytokine production induced by T. vaginalis was confirmed by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 NF-kappaB. In addition, stimulation with live T. vaginalis induced marked augmentation of nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) levels in HMDM. However, trichomonad-induced NF-kappaB activation and TNF-alpha production in macrophages were significantly inhibited by inhibition of iNOS levels with L-NMMA (NO synthase inhibitor). Moreover, pretreatment with NF-kappaB inhibitors (PDTC or Bay11-7082) caused human macrophages to produce less TNF-alpha. These results suggest that T. vaginalis stimulates human macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and NO. In particular, we showed that T. vaginalis induced TNF-alpha production in macrophages through NO-dependent activation of NF-kappaB, which might be closely involved in inflammation caused by T. vaginalis.
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