ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2009
mtDNA data indicate a single origin for dogs south of Yangtze River, less than 16,300 years ago, from numerous wolves.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 145 papers.
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145 citing papers in PubMed, 391 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A phylogenetic estimate of canine retrotransposition rates based on genome assembly comparisons.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Genotypic and phenotypic consequences of domestication in dogs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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- Uncovering Human Tooth Marks in the Search for Dog Domestication: The Case of Coímbre Cave.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Diverse human dimensions affect the management of public and animal health impacts of free-roaming dogs in Australia: a One Health solution.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Convergent relaxation of molecular constraint in herbivores reveals the changing role of liver and kidney functions across mammalian diets.Genome research · 2024Article
- Late Pleistocene onset of mutualistic human/canid (Science advances · 2024Article
- Human Preferences for Dogs and Cats in China: The Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Watching Online Videos and Pet Ownership.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Genetic diversity and origin of Kazakh Tobet Dogs.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Comparative Population Genomics of Arctic Sled Dogs Reveals a Deep and Complex History.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Historic dog Furs Unravel the Origin and Artificial Selection of Modern Nordic Lapphund and Elkhound dog Breeds.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Quantitative analysis of the skull in the Japanese wolf (Canis lupus hodophilax) using CT.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2024Article
- Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Maternal Genetic History of East Asian Dogs.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Japanese wolves are most closely related to dogs and share DNA with East Eurasian dogs.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The history of ancient Japanese dogs revealed by mitogenomes.Anthropological science : journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon = Jinruigaku zasshi · 2024Article
- Exploring the mechanism of artificial selection signature in Chinese indigenous pigs by leveraging multiple bioinformatics database tools.BMC genomics · 2023Article
85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is no generally accepted picture of where, when, and how the domestic dog originated. Previous studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have failed to establish the time and precise place of origin because of lack of phylogenetic resolution in the so far studied control region (CR), and inadequate sampling. We therefore analyzed entire mitochondrial genomes for 169 dogs to obtain maximal phylogenetic resolution and the CR for 1,543 dogs across the Old World for a comprehensive picture of geographical diversity. Hereby, a detailed picture of the origins of the dog can for the first time be suggested. We obtained evidence that the dog has a single origin in time and space and an estimation of the time of origin, number of founders, and approximate region, which also gives potential clues about the human culture involved. The analyses showed that dogs universally share a common homogenous gene pool containing 10 major haplogroups. However, the full range of genetic diversity, all 10 haplogroups, was found only in southeastern Asia south of Yangtze River, and diversity decreased following a gradient across Eurasia, through seven haplogroups in Central China and five in North China and Southwest (SW)Asia, down to only four haplogroups in Europe. The mean sequence distance to ancestral haplotypes indicates an origin 5,400-16,300 years ago (ya) from at least 51 female wolf founders. These results indicate that the domestic dog originated in southern China less than 16,300 ya, from several hundred wolves. The place and time coincide approximately with the origin of rice agriculture, suggesting that the dogs may have originated among sedentary hunter-gatherers or early farmers, and the numerous founders indicate that wolf taming was an important culture trait.
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