Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19720932›Full record

ArticleCirculation2009

Cardiovascular mortality and exposure to airborne fine particulate matter and cigarette smoke: shape of the exposure-response relationship.

C Arden Pope, Richard T Burnett, Daniel Krewski, Michael Jerrett, Yuanli Shi, Eugenia E Calle, Michael J Thun

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Circulation, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02591238 (The Protective Effect of Melatonin on Smoke-induced Vascular Injury in Human), which is not on this map. Cited by 261 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
261citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02591238 phase4completednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

The Protective Effect of Melatonin on Smoke-induced Vascular Injury in Human

TypeinterventionalSponsorPeking Union Medical College HospitalRan2015 to 2015Enrolled68ConditionsSmoking, Vascular System InjuriesArmsnon-smoker oral placebo, non-smoker oral melatonin, smoker oral placebo, smoker oral melatonin
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

261 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  5. Environmental and Occupational Short-Term Exposure to Airborne Particles and FEVInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
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  6. Long-Term PMJournal of the American Heart Association · 2021
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201 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

C Arden Pope142 FOB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-2363, USA. cap3@byu.edu
Richard T Burnett
Daniel Krewski
Michael Jerrett
Yuanli Shi
Eugenia E Calle
Michael J Thun

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFine particulate matter exposure from both ambient air pollution and secondhand cigarette smoke has been associated with larger risks of cardiovascular mortality than would be expected on the basis of linear extrapolations of the relative risks from active smoking. This study directly assessed the shape of the exposure-response relationship between cardiovascular mortality and fine particulates from cigarette smoke and ambient air pollution. METHODS AND

resultsProspective cohort data for >1 million adults were collected by the American Cancer Society as part of the Cancer Prevention Study II in 1982. Cox proportional hazards regression models that included variables for increments of cigarette smoking and variables to control for education, marital status, body mass, alcohol consumption, occupational exposures, and diet were used to describe the mortality experience of the cohort. Adjusted relative risks of mortality were plotted against estimated average daily dose of fine particulate matter from cigarette smoke along with comparison estimates for secondhand cigarette smoke and air pollution. There were substantially increased cardiovascular mortality risks at very low levels of active cigarette smoking and smaller but significant excess risks even at the much lower exposure levels associated with secondhand cigarette smoke and ambient air pollution.

conclusionsRelatively low levels of fine particulate exposure from either air pollution or secondhand cigarette smoke are sufficient to induce adverse biological responses increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality. The exposure-response relationship between cardiovascular disease mortality and fine particulate matter is relatively steep at low levels of exposure and flattens out at higher exposures.

Indexed as

AdultCardiovascular DiseasesCohort StudiesEnvironmental ExposureFemaleHumansLung DiseasesMaleMiddle AgedParticulate MatterPredictive Value of TestsProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsSmokingTobacco Smoke PollutionParticulate MatterTobacco Smoke Pollution

Identifiers

PMID19720932

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.