ReviewTrends in parasitology2009
Immune effector mechanisms against schistosomiasis: looking for a chink in the parasite's armour.
Review in Trends in parasitology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host genetic background influences the severity of disease in Schistosoma haematobium infections.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2026Article
- The grand escape - how pathogens outsmart the human complement system.Immunobiology · 2025Review
- Innate Immune Response to Helminth Infections.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Co-expression gene module analysis in response to attenuated cercaria vaccine reveals a critical role for NK cells in protection against Schistosoma mansoni.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Schistosome Transgenesis: The Long Road to Success.Biology · 2024Review
- Models of Protective Immunity against Schistosomes: Implications for Vaccine Development.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Salmonella Typhimurium expressing chromosomally integrated Schistosoma mansoni Cathepsin B protects against schistosomiasis in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
- Rhesus macaques self-curing from a schistosome infection can display complete immunity to challenge.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Immunoinformatics Design of Multi-Epitope Peptide-Based Vaccine AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- The role of the adaptor molecule STING during Schistosoma mansoni infection.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Schistosomiasis then and now: what has changed in the last 100 years?Parasitology · 2020Review
- AdjuvantedFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Current Understanding of Immunity Against Schistosomiasis: Impact on Vaccine and Drug Development.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2020Review
- Epitope Mapping of Exposed Tegument and Alimentary Tract Proteins Identifies Putative Antigenic Targets of the Attenuated Schistosome Vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Complement Evasion: An Effective Strategy That Parasites Utilize to Survive in the Host.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research · 2018Article
- Antibody responses to Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula antigens.Parasite immunology · 2018Article
- Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula antigens induce Th1/Pro-inflammatory cytokine responses.Parasite immunology · 2018Article
- Immune Mechanisms Involved inFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A recombinant antigen vaccine against Schistosoma mansoni remains elusive, in part because the parasite deploys complex defensive and offensive strategies to combat immune attack. Nevertheless, research on rodent and primate models has shown that schistosomes can be defeated when appropriate responses are elicited. Acquired protection appears to involve protracted inhibition of larval migration or key molecular processes at the adult surfaces, not rapid cytolytic killing mechanisms. A successful vaccine will likely require a cocktail of antigens rather than a single recombinant protein. In addition, ways need to be found of keeping the immune system on permanent alert, either to achieve adequate inhibition of protein function in adults, or because a trickle of incoming parasites does not amplify the secondary response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.